Sharif Digital Repository

In this project, melamine formaldehyde was chosen as initial substrate for its high porosity. Then for having superhydrophobic surface, surface functional groups were silanized and deactivated as a result. It was assumed that high porosity of prepared sorbent and its nonpolar nature, can increase extraction efficiency. To study extraction efficiency of the prepared sorbent, it was filled inside a needle and used for needle-trap head-space extraction of BTEX (abbreviation for Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylenes). Needle packed with sorbent was held on headspace of sample containing BTEX and head- space was pumped with a peristaltic pump. Pumping introduces fresh sample to sorbent... 

Dust phenomenon is a combination of tiny particle with urban pollution that it is harmful for respiratory disease. But this phenomenon has been prevalent in our country recently. We utilized NASA satellite pictures to observe dust storms in the present project. We have collected images of possible sources of dust on the days when we are faced with the dust storm phenomenon. Then by processing of NASA satellite pictures (recognition of distribution of optical and particle density in the dust particle arising and comparing results through analysis of these images to estimate the main characteristics of the sampling locations). we have find the desired location for taking samples of soil... 

In this paper evaluate the short-term effects of air pollution on the mortality rate caused by cardiovascular problems, respiratory problems, digestive problems and tumors and cancers. This is done by using daily mortality data of Tehran, Tabriz, Mashad, Shiraz, Ahwaz and Isfahan during the years 1390 to 1394, we also use daily measurements of pollutant levels including Carbon-monooxcide, Sulfure-dioxide, Oxides of Nitrogen, Ozone and Particulate matters in the same period. The effects are estimad by looking at the relation of daily mortality in each city along with its pollution level. By controling for the weather conditions and city and month fixed effects, we find significant positive... 

Ground water is one of major resources of drinking water in Iran and thus, its quality (in terms of absence of pollutants) is a matter of great importance. The main goal of this research was to investigate the pollution concentration in the Ground water and soil in the fields near South Pars Gas Complex Co. (SPGC). The second goal was to determined the source and measure the distribution of the pollutants (in case of presence) and determine potential risks caused by them. The first step was to perform experimental tests in the two regions. In SPGC region, a number of wells were chosen for sampling according to the direction of Ground water movement. All samples were taken using two EPA... 

The aim of this work is to design, build and test a laboratory scale flameless combustion chamber. Also, a theoretical model is developed to simulate flameless combustion with a simple model. Flameless combustion is a combustion type with transparent flame which consumes less fuel than typical premix and diffusion flames and emits very low level of NOx. In flameless combustion, recirculation ratio is higher than typical diffusion flames so the flow field is highly turbulent. High recirculation ratio causes low oxygen concentration in combustion zone; thus requiring inlet air to be preheated for flame stabilization at low equivalence ratio and oxygen concentration. We have designed a... 

In this Study, experimental tests were carried out to investigate the effects of adding water-based ferrofluid to diesel fuel in a diesel engine. These effects included the combustion performance and exhaust emission characteristics of the diesel engine. To this end, emulsified diesel fuels of 0, 0.4, and 0.8 ferrofluid/Diesel ratios by volume were used in a four stroke diesel engine. The results indicate that adding ferrofluid to diesel fuel has a perceptible effect on engine performance, increasing the brake thermal efficiency and decreasing the brake specific fuel consumption as compared to diesel fuel. Furthermore, adding ferrofluid to diesel fuel increased the exhaust gaseous... 

Anzali wetland, in the Caspian Sea, northern Iranian province of Gilan, ranges from fresh near the tributary streams to brackish near the mouth into the harbor and the sea. Anzali wetland has faced with the serious levels of eutrophication because on the other hand, the lagoon has decreased in size during current century, to less than a quarter of its former extent and on the other hand, this wetland is faced with entering a huge amount of nutrient elements due to human activities in its watershed. Discharge of industrial wastewater, animal wastes, timber harvesting and the most important entering, rice farms irrigated wastewater are of the considerable causes of eutrophication in wetland.... 

Nowadays, by development of technology and population, rivers have been faced environmental issues. In one hand, due to the several factors that can affect rivers pollution, it is not easy to propose a comprehensive solution for the above mentioned issues, while, on the other hand, it is necessary to address and resolve some of these issues as soon as possible. Considering rives as a system, there are lots of economic, political and quite a few other factors which try to change the condition to their own interest. In order to find a solution that satisfies all the effective parameters up to a certain limit, a mathematical tool, called the Game theory method, is utilized. In this research, we... 

Hazardous Noxious Substances (HNS) are chemicals. Due to population increase and as a result, increased demand, HNS transportation by sea has been raised. Gasoline and diesel are two kinds of HNS which have the largest transported amount via northern ports of Iran especially Anzali port. So, HNS spill from tankers is an imminent event and threat for environment of Caspian Sea. Organizations that are concern about the health of coasts and seas water always try to use the softwares to simulate the currents and waves to define the hydrocarbon slick transport. Therfore in this study, a 2D hydrodynamic/oil spill model has been developed to predict the transportation of diesel and gasoline slick... 

Besides increasing the installation of distributed generation plants, investigating multi-carrier energy systems leads recent studies to focus on Smart Energy Hub (S.E.Hub) systems. S.E.Hub systems incorporate several modules which optimal size and operation of each have already attracted a great deal of research. Uncertainty in the modelling of these modules is an imperative factor that has not been associated in S.E.Hub models properly. To build up a more precise framework for S.E.Hubs, here we present a stochastic model for electricity and natural-gas prices, electricity and heat demands, and emission costs. In this paper, S.E.Hub operates based on minimizing weighted sum function which... 

Modified zeolitic nanostructures were prepared by sol-gel, hydrothermal and coprecipitation methods. At first step, natural zeolite was used as a support for preparing the Ag/AgBr/TiO2 photocatalysts. Their photocatalytic properties were studied by degradation of pollutants and microorganism inactivation at the presence of different illumination source. These processes were mechanistically investigated and the results were explained. At second step, mordenite anocrystals, which synthesized by hydrothermal method, were used as an effective support to prepare the AgX/TiO2/MOR photocatalysts. Photocatalytic degradation of an azo dye performed over these nanocomposites and a mechanism suggested... 

As elevation increase, environmental impacts will change, and this will affect on vehicle performance. The pressure drop and consequently the drop in air density at high altitude affect the volumetric efficiency of the engine. This exacerbates engine combustion, since the engine displacement volume is constant, with the drop in air density, the intake air mass flow rate decreases. In this situation, the engine does not have enough air to burn the fuel, and as a result the engine ignition will getting into the defect. ECU only changes the amount of injecting fuel and has no control on the entering air flow to the engine. In such circumstances, emissions from the vehicle are expected to... 

The progress and the development of various industries, pollutants derived from the agricultural and industrial processes contaminate the environment. The degradation of these pollutants have an important effect on the environment.Magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and magnetite supported on functionalized activated carbon were synthesized and characterized by different techniques such as SEM, FT-IR, XRD, BET and VSM. The catalyst activity of these nanocatalysts was evaluated by the degradation of reactive red ME4BL (RRME4BL) textile dye in heterogeneous Fenton and electro-Fenton processes as a model pollutant. The effect of several parameters such as H2O2, RRME4BL concentration, the amount of... 

Pure NanoParticles of TiO2 and Nanocomposite catalysts of TiO2 , activated carbon (TiO2/AC) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (TiO2/MWCNT) were prepared by a sol –Gel method using TetraisoPropylorthotitanat (Tipt) as a precursor. The catalysts were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diffuse reflectance uv-vis spectroscopy (DRS) and N2 adsorption – desorption measurements. The photoactivity of samples was evaluated by Acid Blue 92 (AB 92) degradation. The analysis results show that compared with pure Nanoparticles of TiO2, the spherical – shaped TiO2 particles are well – dispersed in TiO2/AC. In TiO2/MWCNT, the coating has special mechanism that... 

Atmospheric corrosion as one of the most principal factors of destruction is not Climatic map of atmospheric corrosion is closely related to air and atmospheric factors among which we can point out to different types of atmospheric pollutions such as NOX, SOX gases and pendant materials as well as the rate of humidity and rain and even the rate of sun radiation. The effects of these factors beside each other cause the speed of corrosion from a climate to another climate to be changed, which is presentable in form of a map. There is a 2 method to provide this map. First build up a station to measure the corrosion data and collect them in a long period of time. This method are time consuming... 

Removal of petroleum hydrocarbons from water is one of the environmental challenges. In this study the functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was used to remove kerosene oil as contaminants from water. Effective factors on adsorption of oil on MNPs were investigated. Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized on activated carbon derived from almond shell and after a coating by silica, it Was functionalized by NH2 and COOH functional groups. After preparation of kerosene oil/water stable emulsions by emulsifier, the adsorption capacity of AC@Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2-COOH was evaluated. The adsorbent was characterized by various physicochemical techniques such as transmission electron microscopy,... 

The purpose of this study is to model the long-term effects of taxes on different aspects of private cars upon auto ownership and use, and thereby auto industries in producing more fit cars, so as to minimize auto emission. It involves used car market, different car demands and auto industry production. The study follows some previous studies in this area and tries to enhance the various aspects of the model by directing it toward a more real situation. In order to visualize the effects of the model, it has been applied on the case of Shiraz in 1378. It has been shown that the model was able to reduce air pollution and fuel consumption by 90% and 50%, respectively, as compared to the “Do... 

Underground water is one of major resources of drinking water in Iran and thus, its quality (in terms of absence of pollutants) is a matter of great importance. The main goal of this research was to investigate the pollution concentration in underground water and soil in two regions: Dasht-e-naz in Sari and the fields near Sarkhoun gas refinery. The second goal was to determine the source and measure the distribution of the pollutants (in case of presence) and determine potential risks caused by them. The first step was to perform experimental tests in the two regions. In Sari's Dasht-e-naz region, a number of wells were chosen for sampling according to the direction of underground water... 

The energy section has a significant share in the emission of environmental pollutants. Based on the recent investigations about 80 percent of greenhouse gases are emitted into the environment from this sector. This present research has focused on estimating costs of pollution control, using the energy system model. In order to have a better understanding of the relationship between energy and environment, the reference energy system for Guilan Province has been developed; then by having energy demand data, historical capacity data for each technologies and potential of energy resources as well as, the development of provincial energy system has been studied. After the model verification and... 

High swirl combustors with circulative structures in the flow field, have a highly flame stability with a wide range of operating conditions. In this study, Sharif Gas Turbine Model Combustor (SGTMC) which is a double high swirl burner, was investigated experimentally and numerically. In experimental studies, SGTMC with different settings of swirlers is investigated in terms of flame lean blow-out(LBO), wall temperature, the exhaust gas composition and pollutant and also flame geometry parameters. Setting of burner are changed by variations in air fraction between inner and outer air inlets or swirlers’ vanes degrees and flow rotation directions. The results indicate that the concentrations...