Sharif Digital Repository

In this study, Lithium recovery process from lithium-ion battery was investigated by electrodialysis method. First, the cathode of the battery was leached in NMP to separate cathode from aluminum foil. Then, the cathode was leached in sulfuric acid with concentration 3.25 M and 10 volume percent hydrogen peroxide that pulp density was 55 g/L at 60°C for 100 minutes. in the next step, an electrodialysis cell was designed and created to recover lithium. And the influence of time, voltage, flow rate of feed solution, concentration of electrode solution and concentration of feed solution on process was investigated. Purpose of this project were investigated lithium ion recovery rate, lithium... 

Using foam for reducing undesirable effects of fingering and gravity segregation in enhanced oil recovery through gas injection has attracted a rapidly increasing interest in recent years. Lack of stability of foam often limits its application. However there is a lack of systematic study of effects of unmodified and in-situ modified silica nano-particle on foam stability and foam behavior in the presence and absence of oil and also polymer effects from the prospective of analysis of foam dynamic stability, size of foam bubbles, and foam flow behavior in Hele – Shaw cell. Main objectives of this study are mechanistic investigation of effects of polymer – surfactant systems and in-situ... 

According to the World Bank, nearly 154 billion cubic meters of gas is flared in the world every year. Iran is known as the third gas flaring country by burning about 11.4 bcm (approximately 8% of the total amount). Flared gas is a rich gas and has a high heating value. Therefore flaring it equals to waste of a valuable source of energy. In addition, serious concerns about its environmental effects due to emission of considerable amounts of CO2, SOx, NOx and other pollutants, makes it necessary to find a solution to reduce gas flaring. There are several ways for flared gas utilization including electricity generation, injecting into oil wells for enhanced oil recovery, gas processing and... 

In this study, the high temperature deformation behavior of Al-Cu aluminum alloy and the results of single-stage and multi-stage creep tests have been investigated. To investigate the behavior of alloy fluidity in temperature range 150 ° C to 500 ° C and strain rate 0.0005 s-1 – 0.05 s-1 were subjected to tensile test. The results show that in the temperature range of 200 ° C to 225 ° C, the sensitivity coefficient to the strain rate is negative, which indicates the occurrence of dynamic precipitation during deformation. In the meantime, the reverse processes in the mentioned temperature range were investigated and it was found that 250 ° C was the starting temperature of the dynamic... 

An extensive wind tunnel tests were conducted on an axisymmetric supersonic inlet at free stream Mach numbers from 1.8 to 2.2, and at different values of mass flow rates. For each test, pressure distributions over the inlet spike was measured and the flow was visualized by means of the shadowgraph system and a high speed camera to obtain main performance characteristics of the inlet during its stable and unstable operations. As the Mach number is increased the pressure recovery is reduced, but maximum value of the mass flow rate is increased. The results of the stable operation of the inlet showed that, variations of the mass flow affects the surface pressure over the entire surface of the... 

The exit flue gas temperature of conventional gas fired boiler is generally high and considerable energy is lost to environment. Therefore, new methods are needed to recover water and heat from boiler flue gas in order to reduce overall plant water consumption as well as to increase energy efficiency and mitigate detrimental emissions. This project involved design of a heat and water recovery system including condensing heat exchangers to be used in residential buildings. In this project based on simulation of heat and water recovery system the recoverable amount of heat and efficiency improvement potential at various conditions such as different exit flue gas temperatures and different... 

One of the most common methods for enhancing oil recovery is gas injection. Because of greenhouse effect and environmental problems, carbon dioxide can be used as injected gas. Low viscosity and high relative permeability of gas make the gas injection as an ineffective EOR method. Foam injection is a good replacement because its mobility is much higher than gas. Usually surfactants are used as foam generator agent but the generated foam is not so stable. Using nanoparticles can improve foam stability for a longer time. In this research study fly ash particles is used as a new stabilizer agent to improve carbon dioxide foam stability. This particles are made of silica, aluminum, iron …... 

The purpose of the present study is to plan an industrial system, over a period of 10 years, so that over time, while supplying the required demand, to optimal resource utilization with regard to material reuse and recovery flows of losses as well as the use of renewable resources move to implement the concept of a circular economy. One of the main incentives for the transition to a circular economy is carbon tax policy, which has been taken into account. The results of the decision-making model based on cost and flow constraints indicate that the use of carbon dioxide as a by-product of Pars Petrochemical Extraction Unit in order to produce urea in Pardis petrochemical industry in addition... 

Gravity drainage is the self-propulsion of oil downward in the reservoir rock. Under favorable natural and operational conditions, it has been found to effect recoveries comparable to water displacement. With modern technical knowledge, the operator can often make a choice between dissolved gas drive, water drive and gravity drainage as the principal recovery agent in a reservoir. So far, gravity drainage has received less consideration than the other two. Gravity drainage is one of the most important processes taking place in fractured reservoirs and it plays a major role in oil recovery from low permeability matrix blocks during gas injection process. Gravity drainage is responsible for... 

The 2024 aluminum alloy is deformed by two passes of multi-directional forging at room temperature, 180 oC, 250 oC, 320 oC and 380 oC with initial state of solid solution. Microstructure, mechanical properties and the state of precipitates are investigated via optical and scanning electron microscopies, hardness test, shear punch test and differential scanning calorimetry. Fragmentation and distribution of the precipitates are observed after straining at different temperatures. Dynamic precipitation of GPB zones at room temperature and 180 oC are studied by DSC analysis. The increase of both hardness and strength and the formation of shear bands are related to the presence of GPB zones.... 

The main purpose of this dissertation is to investigate and improve the efficiency of Sparse Reconstruction method for structural health monitoring application in order to solve the challenges including; finding multiple simultaneous damages, damage detection and location in anisotropic structures and real engineering complex structures. The main approach of this research is based on presenting theoretical concepts and developing practical methods based on the presented concepts, as well as evaluating and implementing the developed methods using numerical simulations and experimental tests. In this work, the finite element method is used for numerical simulation. In the experimental test,... 

In this thesis, the application of solar energy in the steam injection as a thermal enhanced oil recovery (TEOR) is evaluated. The motivations of this project are using a renewable energy, suitable solar potential of Iran, successful experience in the world, undeveloped heavy oilfield reservoirs in Iran. This application is investigated by three aspects which are:Reservoir Engineering aspect: the heavy oilfield are determined and then screening for selection good candidate of steam injection are done. One of the reservoirs is analyzed by simulation and optimization the steam injection to determine how much it’s production will be improved by using steam injection (contionous and cyclic)... 

Gas injection is one of the most common methods to enhance oil recovery. But due to the low viscosity and density of gas, viscous fingering and gravity over ride usually happens which lead to reduction of gas injection performance to oil production. Foam injection is one of the techniques that has the potential to improve oil production by increasing. Foam apparent viscosity is higher than gas and its liquid which is made from it. So it can increase sweep efficiency and enhance oil recovery. However, presence of oil can destabilize foam. Beside, salinity has different effects on foamability and foam stability. Foam stability in high saline environment is a challenge. Therefore, the stability... 

Nowadays, application of ultrasonic wave technology as a novel method of enhancing oil recovery and also gas an oil well stimulation is prevailing. Not only this method is environment friendly, but also it is economic. Although the application of this method is proved to be of outstanding positive influences in field operations, it suffers from lack of knowledge about the main governing mechanisms and also there are few mathematical models describing the process. In this study it is intended to investigate the role of ultrasonic waves on rate of recovery and the total recovery from porous media. A model is proposed which can predict the recovery at different times of operation. The results... 

Recent studies in nanotechnology field have shown this technology could solve many challenges and needs in oil and gas industry. As yet, many applications of nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery have been reported. One of the most important applications is wettability alteration due to presence of nanoparticles in injecting fluid, which has recently been studied by several research groups. These studies indicate that, presence of nanoparticles in injecting water would improve oil recovery. However, there is no adequate information about the mechanisms affecting fluid flow in reservoir rock and its mathematical modeling.The aim of this project is to evaluate the effect of injection of... 

In this study, community resilience after a disaster is optimally enhanced for interdependent infrastructures through prioritization of recovery operations considering limited resources. Optimal enhancement of community resilience can be performed at two levels: Pre-disaster and Post-disaster. In the pre-disaster level, resilience enhancement is achieved through optimization of long-term decision making that includes optimized allocation of resources to retrofit of buildings. However, in the post-disaster response and recovery period, allocating resources to retrofit or backup systems is infeasible. Therefore, in the post-disaster level considered in this study, resilience enhancement is... 

In imbibition process, as one of the main mechanisms of recovery from naturally fractured reservoirs, a wetting fluid enters matrix blocks and produces nonwetting phase from blocks as result of interaction between capillary, gravity and viscous forces. Depending on various characteristics of system different types of imbibition like counter-current spontaneous imbibition, cocurrent spontaneous imbibition and dynamic counter-current imbibition could occur. In order to predict recovery from matrix blocks scaling equations can be used. In this thesis suitable scaling equations are presented for different types of imbibition by using analytical solutions. The studies cases are counter-current... 

In this study, behavior of softening after hot tensile and hot rolling processes in isothermal and non-isothermal conditions in AA5083 Aluminium alloy has been simulated using cellular automata. Also effect of temperature and strain rate in hot tensile test and effect of temperature and strain in hot rolling has been investigated. First distribution of temperature in material using the finite element method computed and used as initial temperature in CA and computing the static recovery in hot tensile. Also for hot rolling, computing static recovery and CA are used for initial temperature in ABAQUS. For investigating effect of dynamic recovery and recrystallization, the neural network has... 

One of the main challenges in data transmission is synchronization error. In practice there are solutions to this issue, but this incurs a cost that can not be neglected. Synchronization error consists of deletion, insertion and substitution. Investigation of such errors in a communication channel has been of a great concern in information theory. Furthermore, in many applications such as biology and data storage on disks, we observe synchronization errors. Deletion channel is defined as a channel in which input symbols are deleted with a probability d independently of each other, such that the order of symbols remains unchanged. In spite of attempts to find a closed form for the capacity of...