Sharif Digital Repository

Due to the increasing cost of energy, we want in this study to increase energy efficiency and reduce waste of system energy. Oil, gas and petrochemical sector is a widespeard part in Iran, so the study of energy systems in the industry have a paramount importance. The study focused on the Tehran refinery steam and power systems, seeking the most economical system of power and steam for the Tehran refinery. To achieve this goal, with the help of simulation of power and steam system for Tehran refinery with Aspen Utility software, a superstructure obtained. Then, using a sensitivity analysis, we were able to achieve economic arrangment of utility system. In this study by increasing the... 

Direct steam generation (DSG) process using linear FRESNEL collectors has been developed widely in recent years and is one of the most promising solar technologies for thermal power generation, Industrial processes and domestic usage. In this process water as heat transfer fluid (HTF) is heated through a solar field. Continuous breakthroughs are being achieved on improvement of these collectors. A multi-phase CFD model is developed to calculate the wall temperature of linear Fresnel absorber tubes and fluid properties including temperature, velocity, and pressure. In order to design the collector field and identify the critical condition such as overheating of the absorber tubes, modeling of... 

This work describes the use of a two-dimensional numerical simulator for Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) using the model proposed by Coats et al with some improvements. Despite the Coats model this developed model accounts for capillary and gravity effects in the energy equation with a variable thermal conductivity of the formation. First, a sensitivity analysis is performed for SAGD process. Then, the simulator is used to describe the pre-heating process preceding SAGD. We studied two methods of preheating process and found that there exists an optimum method of preheating for any reservoir. We concluded that longer preheating period does not necessarily yield a faster recovery  

In this thesis, the application of solar energy in the steam injection as a thermal enhanced oil recovery (TEOR) is evaluated. The motivations of this project are using a renewable energy, suitable solar potential of Iran, successful experience in the world, undeveloped heavy oilfield reservoirs in Iran. This application is investigated by three aspects which are:Reservoir Engineering aspect: the heavy oilfield are determined and then screening for selection good candidate of steam injection are done. One of the reservoirs is analyzed by simulation and optimization the steam injection to determine how much it’s production will be improved by using steam injection (contionous and cyclic)... 

Due to the replacement of fossil fuel with cleaner products, the reduction of fuel consumption in transportation until 2045, the excessive production of fuel oil in refineries and the growth of feed demand from downstream chemical units, have made countries to upgrade their refineries or construct Petro-refineries. The Petro-refinery is a new generation of refinery and its main purpose is to supply chemicals to downstream units. The products of these units will have more valuable than fuel refineries. Steam cracking unit, aromatic unit and propane dehydrogenation unit are important units that are in Petro-refineries. In this research, all refinery units were technically and economically... 

The length of time a user plays a computer game is one of the most important metrics for a game’s success in the gaming industry. The importance of this metric can be explained from the viewpoint of different actors present in this industry, for example, from the point of view of the game Developer, increasing the duration of the playtime leads to an increase in opportunity for further in-game marketing, gamers value this metric since it entails how long can a game can entertain them. Making sure that a game can be entertaining for a long period of time is one of the most important factors in choosing to buy a game. Also, it’s in every online store’s best interest to always offer games to... 

CFD models are accurate but time-consuming for simulation and optimization of steam methane reformer and controlling the tube wall temperature, and syngas production rate and unsuitable for online optimization. Empirical data-driven models are less accurate when there are wide variations in operating conditions. The physics-based model presented in this thesis overcomes these limitations. In this model, the furnace side and the process side are divided into zones with uniform temperature and composition, and for each zone, mass, energy and momentum balances are derived. Radiative heat transfer modeling and calculation of exchange areas are accomplished with the zone method. The system of... 

This research aims to introduce a nanocatalyst based on open-cell nickel foam (NiFm) with 40 pore per inch(ppi) to save energy during methane steam reforming (MSR), an endothermic reaction, by increasing catalyst thermal properties with improved progressive compression strength. The nanocatalyst is synthesized with a chemical stepwise synthesis approach, thermal-chemical pretreatment, pulsed electrocodeposition of Ni-Al2O3 (γ) nanoparticles, and calcination. Herein, a polyurethane (PU) nonconductive substrate is transformed to nickel foam by using replication sponge method. The purchased PU became conductive by nickel electroless bath using sodium hypophosphite with 5-15 (µm) thickness...