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Investigation and visualization of surfactant effect on flow pattern and performance of pulsating heat pipe
, Article Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry ; Volume 139, Issue 3 , 2020 , Pages 2099-2107 ; Kalan, K ; Vandadi, M ; Shafii, M. B ; Saidi, M. H ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer Netherlands
2020
Abstract
Pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) are one of the new devices used for cooling in several applications such as electronic and aerospace systems. Their low cost, effectiveness at various conditions, being equipped for passive energy conversion, and well distribution of temperature compared to conventional heat pipes are among the reasons of their popularity. To investigate the effect of surface tension of the working fluid on the behavior of PHPs, a copper heat pipe is fabricated with inner and outer diameters of 2 mm and 4 mm, respectively. Five different concentrations of cetrimonium bromide (C-Tab) surfactant are dissolved in water and are tested with a filling ratio of 50% (± 1%). A piece of...
A laboratory approach to enhance oil recovery factor in a low permeable reservoir by active carbonated water injection
, Article Energy Reports ; Volume 7 , 2021 , Pages 3149-3155 ; 23524847 (ISSN) ; Paprouschi, A ; Elveny, M ; Podoprigora, D ; Korobov, G ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2021
Abstract
In this paper, different injectivity scenarios were experimentally investigated in a coreflooding system to observe the efficiency of each method in laboratory conditions. Surfactant flooding, CO2 injection, carbonated water injection (CWI), active carbonated water injection (ACWI), after water flooding were investigated through the coreflooding system. First, it is necessary to optimize the surfactant concentration and then use it in ACWI injection. To do this, linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (LABSA) was used as a cationic surfactant at different concentrations. It was observed that 0.6 PV concentration of LABSA had an optimum result as increasing the surfactant concentration would not be...
Impact of ionic composition on modulating wetting preference of calcite surface: Implication for chemically tuned water flooding
, Article Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects ; Volume 568 , 2019 , Pages 470-480 ; 09277757 (ISSN) ; Badizad, M. H ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2019
Abstract
Despite previous researches on ion-engineered waterflooding (IEWF), its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, particularly in presence of additives, like surfactants. This paper concerned with the contribution of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , SO 4 2- and Na + into altering wettability of oil-wet carbonate minerals towards water preferred state. As a mechanistic study, an experiment workflow was conducted to probe the impact of ions' concentrations in SW, either with or without sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) which is an anionic surfactant. At first, contact angle (CA) measurement was carried out to evaluate the degree of wettability reversal upon treating the oil-aged calcite slabs with...
Studies of the rate of water evaporation through adsorption layers using drop shape analysis tensiometry
, Article Journal of Colloid and Interface Science ; Volume 308, Issue 1 , 2007 , Pages 249-253 ; 00219797 (ISSN) ; Makievski, A. V ; Krägel, J ; Javadi, A ; Miller, R ; Sharif University of Technology
2007
Abstract
With modified measuring procedure and measuring cell design in the drop profile tensiometer PAT, it became possible to study the rate of water evaporation through adsorbed or spread surface layers. This method was employed to measure the rate of water evaporation from drops covered by adsorbed layers of some proteins and surfactants, in particular n-dodecanol. It was shown that the formation of dense (double or condensed) adsorbed layers of protein and the formation of 2D-condensed n-dodecanol layer decrease the water evaporation rate by 20-25% as compared with pure water. At the same time, the adsorbed layers of ordinary surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate and nonionic ethoxylated...
Mechanism of surfactant in trichloroethene degradation in aqueous solution by sodium persulfate activated with chelated-Fe(II)
, Article Journal of Hazardous Materials ; Volume 407 , 2021 ; 03043894 (ISSN) ; Li, M ; Gu, X ; Danish, M ; Shan, A ; Ali, M ; Qiu, Z ; Sui, Q ; Lyu, S ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2021
Abstract
The mechanism of surfactants in surfactant-in situ chemical oxidation (S-ISCO) coupled process for trichloroethene (TCE) degradation was firstly reported. The performance of TCE solubilization and inhibition of TCE degradation in three nonionic surfactants (TW-80, Brij-35, TX-100) in PS/Fe(II)/citric acid (CA) system was compared and TW-80 was evaluated to be the optimal surfactant in S-ISCO coupled process due to the best TCE solubilizing ability and minimal inhibition for TCE degradation (only 31.8% TCE inhibition in the presence of 1 g L−1 TW-80 surfactant). The inhibition mechanism in TCE degradation was also demonstrated by comparing the strength of ROSs and PS utilization. In the...
Selecting a Surfactant for Wettability Alteration In Iranian Carbonate Reservoirs
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Bastani, Daruoosh (Supervisor) ; Badakhshan, Amir (Supervisor)
Abstract
Fractured carbonate reservoirs are mostly oil-wet to intermediate-wet. Due to the negative capillary pressure of the matrix poor spontaneous imbibition of reservoir brine occurs in such reservoirs, and water flooding leads into early break through due to the high conductivity of the fracture network. Some surfactants have the ability to change the wettability of rock matrix toward water-wet state by adsorbing onto the rock surface. The phenomenon can result in spontaneous imbibition improvement and thereby increasing water flooding efficiency and recovery from fractured carbonate reservoirs. In this thesis the effect of some surfactants on the wettability of Iranian carbonate reservoir rocks...
Investigation The Effect Of Wettability Alteration On Increasing Recovery Factor At Fractured Reservoirs
,
M.Sc. Thesis
Sharif University of Technology
;
Jamshidi, Saeid
(Supervisor)
;
Masihi, Mohsen
(Supervisor)
Abstract
There are a lot of Fractured reservoirs around the world that have large portion of oil production. These reservoirs have complex structure and fractures have important role in production but the remaining oil in matrix causes that the oil recovery decreases. One of the most important factors in these reservois are wettability. Because most of the fractured reservoirs are oil wet and water injection process in these reservoirs are not effective and chemical EOR methods such as surfactant flooding method is used. Surfactant improve oil recovery by two reasons: 1- reduction of interfacial tension between oil and water . 2-Wettability alteration of matrix. The porpose of this project is...
Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Nanoparticles on Efficiency of Surfactant Flooding to Heavy Oil in Fractured Reservoirs Using Micromodel Apparatus
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor) ; Ayatollahi, Shahab (Supervisor) ; Roosta Azad, Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
Today, due to limited number of light oil reservoirs, enhanced recovery from heavy oil reservoirs is taken into consideration. During the early production from heavy oil reservoirs, due to high viscosity, only a small amount (about 5%) of the oil can be produced; also after water injection operation due to unfavorable mobility ratio of water and oil, sorely more than about 10% of the original oil can be produced. On the other hand, fractured reservoirs represent about 20% of the world's oil reserves, while over 60% of the world's remaining oil reserves are in fractured reservoirs. Water flooding process leaves very high amounts of oil as remaining oil in these reservoirs too. One of the...
Experimental Investigation of Heavy Oil Recovery by Natural Surfactant Injection in Heterogeneous Systems Using Micromodel Apparatus
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Rashtchian, Davood (Supervisor) ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Nowadays, due to limitation of production from conventional oil reservoirs, enhanced recovery from heavy oil reservoirs is of great concern. However, production from these energy resources is not a simple task and production using common technologies is not easily exploitable. Heterogeneous structure and also high surface tension between injected fluid and reservoir oil are of the main challenges during water flooding processes in heavy oil reservoirs. The high surface tension force causes a large part of the oil remains in the reservoir after the water flooding operation. One method for overcoming this problem is the use of surfactants that reduces capillary forces and consequently...
Improving Temperature Stability of Drilling Fluids Polymers Using Nano Particles
,
M.Sc. Thesis
Sharif University of Technology
;
Ghotbi, Siroos
(Supervisor)
Abstract
Water base drilling fluids are the most common drilling fluids in oil and gas operations and biopolymers are the requisite additives used in such kind of fluids frequently. Unfortunately, at harsh conditions of HPHT the polymers undergo thermal degradation which cause serious loss in fluid rheological and filtration properties. Accordingly, this will induce operational pitfalls and tremendous cost. The power of economy along with environmental regulations force us to search for reasonable chemically benign additives to fulfill this need. Nanoparticles are the most promising additives proposed in this study to address this challenge. Regarding their unique exclusive properties, they are able...
Experimental Investigation of Oil Production by Low IFT Dynamic Imbibition
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Masihi, Mohsen (Supervisor)
Abstract
Imbibition process is known to be an important recovery mechanism in naturally fractured reservoirs with water-wet matrix blocks that are imposed to water influx from an active aquifer or water flooding. Matrix blocks which are subjected to water flooding or water invasion from active aquifers do not become immersed in water at once, but they experience gradual rising of water in fracture. But most of imbibition studies are performed under conditions of totally immersed cores in static aqueous phase. Surfactants are known to reduce residual oil saturation by decreasing interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water. On the other hand, considerable reduction of IFT due to surfactant...
Experimental Study and Modeling of Rheological Behavior of Crude Oils and W/O Emulsions in the Presence of Surfactants
,
M.Sc. Thesis
Sharif University of Technology
;
Ramazani Saadatabadi, Ahmad
(Supervisor)
;
Taghikhani, Vahid
(Supervisor)
;
Ghotbi, Cyrus
(Supervisor)
Abstract
Understanding the properties of crude oil and the phenomena arising from this precious matter has always been of considerable importance. One of these important phenomena is emulsion, which is well-known in a great number of crude oil-related processes such as drilling, well completion, production, transportation and even the processing units in the refinery. One of the most important properties of crude oils and their emulsions is their flow or in other words their rheology. Therefore, in this project has also been tried to investigate the rheological behavior of crude oil and water in crude oil emulsion, experimentally and theoretically. The experiments were carried out using two crude...
Experimental Investigation to Determine the Main Parameters for Viscoelastic Surfactant (VES) Injection for Acid Diversion in Reservoirs and Improving Their Design Conditions
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ayatollahi, Shahab (Supervisor) ; Bazargan, Mohammad (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
The success of matrix acid production operations and its proper efficiency is one of the main challenges for oil and gas companies. The heterogeneity of the reservoir formation (especially the permeability difference) in the area around the well due to the presence of different reservoir layers results in the non-uniform distribution of acid among them and adds acidizing challenges. In order to improve production conditions, stimulation fluid transfer to the low permeability layer, which is the main target of acidizing. In this study, a new generation of chemical diverter, called Viscoelastic Surfactant, has been used. These materials have two components of elastic and viscous behavior, and...
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Maddah Hosseini, Hamid Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
A biocompatible ferrofluid have been prepared by co-precipitation of FeCl2.4H2O and FeCl3.6H2O under ultrasonic irradiation and with NaOH as alkaline agent. Also cystein was used as capping agent in the solution. Magnetic properties of the produced ferrofluid then determined by VSM test and magnetite nanoparticles were characterized by XRD and TEM techniques. Results indicate the presence of a biocompatible superparamagnetic ferrofluid including magnetite nanoparticles with particle size ranging under 15 nm. The effect of ultrasonic irradiation on presence of a sharp particle size distribution then denoted by comparing the condition with production without ultrasonic irradiation
Core-Scale Modeling and Experimental Study of Surfactant Flooding due to Enhanced Oil Recovery in Carbonate Rocks
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor) ; Jamshidi, Saeed (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Chemical flooding such as surfactant flooding in oil reservoirs can change the wettability and interfacial tension between oil and water and so reduce the residual oil saturation in the reservoir. Some of these materials can be adsorbed a lot on the surface of carbonate rocks, so it is difficult to predict the oil recovery factor in such process. Therefore it is necessary to survey the adsorption amount of surfactants in chemical EOR injections.In this thesis, the adsorption of a nonionic surfactant on the surface of carbonate rock is experimented and the proper model is obtained. Then the surfactant is injected in a core saturated with oil to observe the efficiency of this surfactant in...
Treatment of Surfactant Wastewater by IFAS Bioreactors
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Borgheei, Mahdi (Supervisor) ; Moslehi, Parivash (Supervisor)
Abstract
In the modern societies, wastewater treatment is essential in achieving high level of standard in environmental protection and disposal. Recently, many researches are performed to study the surfactants’ biological decomposition in wastewater treatment process. In this project, fixed bed aerobic reactors are used in order to remove surfactant from wastewater. Integrated fixed film activation sludge reactor (IFAS) is used to remove surfactants and organic matters. It also used to study the capability of micro organisms in organic load removal in fixed bed biofilm for biological treatment of industrial wastewater. Pumice stone were used as the support in the reactor. The pumice stone is a...
Experimental Investigation of Stability Analysis and Applicability of Foam Flooding for Enhanced Oil Recovery
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor) ; Badakhshan, Amir (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
One of the suitable methods in EOR processes is miscible and immiscible gas injection. By gas injection, it is possible to replace all the oil, which is in contact with the gas. However, reservoir heterogeneity, low density, and low viscosity of gas result in problems such as gravity segregation, and fingering and consequently the gas reach the production well without any significant contact with reservoir oil. A way to deal with this problem is gas injection in the form of foam. In fact, gas injection in this manner increases the oil production by decreasing gas mobility and the negative effects of reservoir heterogeneity on gas displacement. Foam stability has a key role on the efficiency...
Experimental Investigation of Surfactant Effects on Drop Formation of Shear-thinning Liquids
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Firoozabadi, Bahar (Supervisor) ; Afshin, Hossein (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this research, the characteristics of non-Newtonian, shear-thinning drop formation containing surfactant from a needle are investigated experimentally. The ambient fluid is air and all experiments have been conducted in a constant flow rate of drop phase fluid. Images of forming drop are taken using a high-speed camera and by processing them, important parameters in drop formation such as length of drop, minimum neck thickness, formation time and the size of satellite drops have been studied. Three non-Newtonian and three Newtonian fluids are considered in a way that the initial viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids would be equal to the viscosity of their corresponding Newtonian fluids....
Pore-Scale Experimental Study of Foam/Nano-Foam Flooding to Heavy oil in Heterogeneous Five-Spot System: Stability Analysis and Displacement Mechanisms
,
M.Sc. Thesis
Sharif University of Technology
;
Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein
(Supervisor)
Abstract
Foam injection for enhanced oil recovery is concerned by petroleum engineers because it decreases adverse effects of fingering and gravity segregation caused by the injected fluid .Obviously foam stability is an important factor in the efficiency of this process. So investigating it is an imperative. One of the ways that less studied and can improve foam stability is using of nanoparticles. In this project effect of nanoparticles on foam stability and displacement mechanism during foam flooding has been discussed.
Study consisted of two sets of experiments. In the first part, the static foam stability in the presence of silica nanoparticles has been investigated. Also influence of...
Study consisted of two sets of experiments. In the first part, the static foam stability in the presence of silica nanoparticles has been investigated. Also influence of...
Preparation of Nanocomposites from Carbon Nanostructures and Transtion Metal Oxides and their use in Preparation of Hybrid Electrochemical Capacitors
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Shahrokhian, Saeed (Supervisor)
Abstract
In the first part, we report a new and simple procedure for preparing reduced graphene oxide /nickel, cobalt hydroxide composite (Ni,Co-OH/rGO/NF via a fast and simple two-step electrochemical method including potentiostatic routes in the presence of Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide )CTAB( as a cationic surfactant. In the first step, a piece of nickel foam (NF) is sonicated in a suspension of graphene oxide (GO, 6 mg/L) after dried in an oven, reduced by electrochemically. After that, Ni, Co LDH were co-deposited on the surface of rGO/NF. The resulting modified electrode afforded extremely high specific capacitance of 2133.3 F/g at a current density of 4 A g-1. FE-SEM results showed that...