Sharif Digital Repository

The identification of the poor and the elimination of their poverty always has been the subject of discussion among researchers and policymakers. Today, most researchers consider poverty as a multidimensional phenomenon, and in addition to income indicator, it has indicators related to the level of knowledge, awareness, well-being and the health of individuals. The study of multidimensional poverty and the search for the discovery of its static and dynamic relationship with income-based poverty is the subject of this research. The analysis shows that both statically and dynamically, there is a substantial mismatch in the identification of the poor households according to these two... 

In standard models, the demand function is considered to be independent from the supply function and the intersection of these curves is considered to determine the price and quantity in the market. The alternative model, called “inducement hypothesis”, describes how the supply side can persuade consumers through particular advices, induce demand for the provided services and though shift the demand curve; i.e. demand is not independent from supply. For the case of physicians, this hypothesis is known as “physician induced demand”. In fact, this theory describes the supply-side moral hazard in the production market. This hypothesis may have vast applications which are different from... 

In Economic literature, investigating effective determinants of driving offences is discussed in Economics of Crime. In this field the effect of economic and sometimes non-economic parameters on offences are investigated. Economics of Crime was introduced as a branch of economics after Becker (1968). Since then different studies have been done and many theories have been made to discuss the relation between economic Variables and crimes in the society. In this study we use a cross-province panel data of driving offences to investigate the Effective Determinants of these offences. The most important result is the deterring effect of the penalty. For example in the regression for the seventeen... 

In the past few decades a range of human capital theories were developed by economists. In all these, education and training are considered as a prominent aspect of the human capital. Among all influential factors on the education, the role of the family in the allocation of educational expenditure is one of the most important factors. In this research, we investigate whether in gendr discrimination among sibiling is observed in Iranian households. Based on household budget data, we estimate the Engel curve in order to investigate the gender discrimination in the allocation of educational expenditure. Families divided into 6 clusters based on the composition of their children and the tests... 

This thesis aims to the study of quality-quantity trade off in the family through investigating the effects of family size and birth order on their educational attainment. The latter has been chosen as a criteria for measuring the quality; to measure the effects of quantity we have used the twins for the instrumental variable as an endogenous shock in the family size to reduce bias that happens as a result of omitted variables bias and to measure the effect of family size on it’s quality more accurately. We have also used censored regression to eliminate the bias of student children in the sample.In addition to concentrating on the differences between children of different family sizes we... 

In this study we developed an analytical model to delve into the behavior of participants in the market of kidney in Iran. We get health as a good which not only elevates the utility of any individual, it add more years to each individual longevity. We find out that ESRD patients who are in serious need of receiving a new kidney will never postpone buying kidney in case of having the price fixed in all periods.We found out that the waiting time in queue of receiving market is a u-shape function in which there is a minimum. We proved that the price making the queue minimum is definitely bigger than the market clearance market. Accordingly, despite all the unfair and immoral view toward... 

Auction literature and economic theories advocate common valuation among bidders in mineral rights auctions. In this study, we have tried to examine the assumption of common valuation between bidders in a first price sealed bid auction. It examines the common valuation hypothesis by assuming the information symmetry and the exogenous entry of bidders. The findings of this study suggest that bidders’ valuation in a first price sealed bid auction of natural resources may be private or common value. We use the non-parametric estimation model to find that after the federal government imposed Area-wide Leasing in the Gulf of Mexico, bidders’ valuations changed from private valuation to common... 

This research is devoted to clarify the determinants of the revealed behavior of Iranian urban households toward risk attitude in the life insurance market. Based on the cross section data of Iranian household income and expenditure statistics (HIES), the life insurance data of Iran Insurance company, and the fertility rate reported by National Organization for civil registration, the Arrow-Pratt Index for relative risk aversion is estimated. According to the literature, the income, asset and job status are considered as economic variables, while the sex of family head, the number of children, the age of family head and the marriage status are regarded as demographic and social variables.... 

With the implementation of the targeted subsidy plan in Iran and as a result, the allocation of cash subsidy to individuals, the effect of this policy on labor supply behavior can be studied. In most of the researches, the degree of the effects of implementing such policies on the working behaviors is studied.
In this research, after discussing some proposed models of labor supply and the effects of nonwage income on that, we reviewed the history of implementing such policies and their outcomes in different countries. Then, the possible methods of studying this issue in Iran were discussed. Finally, using a part of the household budget data in years 1389 and 1390, a panel data was... 

The importance of housing, as one of the most important consumable and investable household goods, is not hidden from anyone. The cost of housing (which can include the cost of renting a property, the cost of repaying a purchase loan, or the opportunity cost of its purchase capital) is a large part of the consumption basket expenses of households. Housing is considered the biggest asset of many Iranian households. As a result, access to an accurate prediction with the least error becomes doubly important for Iranian families. In addition to households, knowing the factors affecting the equilibrium price and estimation of housing valuation for governments (a useful tool for fair taxation) and... 

The purpose of this study is to model people's behavior on both sides of the kidney market. The healthy person decides to donate a live kidney (for a certain amount) on the supply side. On the demand side, the patient chooses between the two existing kidney queues, the living kidney and the cadaveric kidney, based on the individual's income and belief from the waiting time in each of the two queues. The sick person faces two critical risks in life: risk of death and kidney failure. To model these two risks, it is assumed that each person has a level of health that consists of two deterministic and stochastic parts. In this way, with a deterministic rate, a person's health level will decrease... 

Policy evaluation, is a crucial stage of any policy-making process. In many cases, unfortunately, this crucial stage, has been largely neglected. The marriage loan payment policy is designed and implemented to tackle the decrease in the marriage rate in Iran. However, the effectiveness of this policy has not been evaluated so far. In this research, we focus on evaluating the effect of the marriage loan payment policy on the marriage rate. Annual data at the provincial level between 2013 and 2021 is used. Dynamic panel data model and System GMM estimation method are employed to assess the effect of this policy on the marriage rate. The results show a positive and significant effect of the... 

In the early 21st century, Iran established its wholesale electricity market as part of the restructuring of the power industry. Currently, the majority of electricity trades occur in this market. The simultaneous production and consumption of electricity, along with constraints for new companies to enter the market, make exercising market power a significant consideration in the economics literature. The market mechanism is based on auctions and is supported by a rich-data environment that allows for monitoring of production firms' behavior. This research measures the exercise of unilateral market power in Iran's wholesale electricity market using three months' worth of data for each year... 

In this research, we answer that whether trade liberalization increase market competition. First, we discuss this problem using inter-temporal comparison. To do this, we set a control variable group and a test variable group. The control variable group includes the industries that did not report trading and non-tradable industry in 1379 and 1386 (non-trading industries) and the test variable group includes industries that have entered the the trade in recent two years and are named trading industries. In this research, we study the effect of Herfindahl Index and markup on industry Openness,controlling for some factors. Using abovementioned influences, the relation between trade... 

Producer-level data for Iranian manufacturing firms shows a large amount of dispersion and concentration in producer level sectoral shares, as well as a very strong relashionship between sectoral shares and markups. We Study the pro-competitive gain from trade in the Iran’s manufacturing sector. Domestic firms in Iranian manufacturing sector are protected via tarfiff and non-tariff barriers enforced by the government. In many sections of manufacturing sector, domestic firms feel little competition and charge high markups. The market power of domestic firms could be reduced by the reduction of tariff rate and increase in import share. As a result of foreign competition pressure, they would be... 

The spatial diffusion of house prices has been the subject of research for many years. Most of these studies have found a strong relationship between neighboring regions and a weaker relation between nonneighbors. This study uses changes in real house prices within Tehran at the level of municipality zones to illustrate the ripple effect by using quarterly house price data of Tehran’s twenty municipality zones since 1371 to 1391. It also aims to illustrate the heterogeneity in spatial spillovers of house prices development across space and time. We found that a positive shock in house prices diffuse more rapidly that a negative shock; the time shock will diffuse also have a heavier level... 

In this thesis we are going to forecast the hourly consumption of the electricity over the country with two models and then, combine them. The first model decomposes the consumption to a deterministic trend and a stochastic residual. The second one assumes that the trend part is also stochastic.Once the consumption is being predicted separately by the models, in the second part of the thesis, we will combine the results to get a final prediction. This prediction is going to be compared with the load forecast of the Dispatching Unit of the electricity network as a base model. We are going to answer two important questions: firstly, does combining the models give a better prediction or not,... 

Inequality and the feeling of injustice governing in the work environment place is one of the important and influential factors on employees'affecting productivity. If Should the employees believe that they are getting lower wages despite having the same productivity as their colleagues, they receive less wage than those co-workers, they might find the firm's behavior unfair and thus, they would loweradjust their performance accordingly. This problem is of great importance, hence the numerous related studies in the literature. This study investigates the effect of inequal unequal payment and promotion on the productivity of the employees by designing and implementing a natural work... 

Because of the importance of the issue of poverty, in this study, we introduce and copute aspects & dimensions of multidimensional poverty index. The object of this thesis is studing the trend of changes in Iranian households’ welfare during the years 2005 through 2015 and recognizing the economic and social poor households’ characteristics. There are two methods that are used to computing MPI (Multidimensional Poverty Index). One of them is standard method that is given unique weight to each dimension, the other one is questionnaire method which is asked poverty experts to set proper weight to each dimension. Knowing how poverty index (income & mpi) changes, can help policy makers to... 

The relationship between the environment and human life has long been considered by researchers. Technological growth in the last century, by the intensification of natural resources usage, led to environmental degradation, and thus the importance of recognizing the relationship between human life and the environment has doubled. The present dissertation is organized in three chapters, in each of which we investigate the impacts of a dimension of environmental degradation on human well-being.In the first chapter, we investigate the effect of drought on expenditure and income per capita of Iranian households. To do this, we combine the expenditure and income data of more than 600,000 urban...