Sharif Digital Repository

The primary objective of this thesis is to provide solutions addressing some security loopholes in continuous variables quantum key distribution protocols. The coherent detection method is utilized in this particular quantum key distribution scheme, which is a phase-sensitive detection. To measure in the quantum noise limit in the detection part, we need a local optical oscillator, which must possess a high intensity and a consistent phase correlation with the quantum signal. Therefore, reconstructing the emitter’s reference phase in the receiver’s detection system is considered as one of the most critical challenges in these protocols. In order to attain this goal, in the early versions of... 

In this thesis, we introduce a novel Artificial Intelligence (AI) system inspired by the philosophical and psychoanalytical concept of imagination as a ``Re-construction of Experiences". Our AI system is equipped with an imagination-inspired module that bridges the gap between textual inputs and other modalities, enriching the derived information based on previously learned experiences. A unique feature of our system is its ability to formulate independent perceptions of inputs. This leads to unique interpretations of a concept that may differ from human interpretations but are equally valid, a phenomenon we term as ``Interpretable Misunderstanding". We employ large-scale models,... 

According to today’s medicine progress, the need for improving the medical facilities have been increased. Within the human body, the biomolecules concentration gradient is regulating the cell functions. Biological processes such as immune response, wound healing, and cancer metastasis have been affected by the bimolecular concentration gradient. So understanding the cell behavior in the presence of a chemical gradient can improve the understanding from these biological processes, and also would help in medical researches. On the other hand, finding the appropriate dose of the drugs and in some cases finding the most effective drug is a clinical challenge that made a new field of research in... 

The development of clean, renewable and alternative sources of fossil fuels has increased in recent years due to various factors such as environmental pollution, reduced fossil fuel resources and increased energy consumption. The application of microbial fuel cells is one of the clean energy production methods using renewable sources such as municipal sewage. The microbial fuel cell converts the chemical energy stored in organic materials into electrical energy and simultaneously purifies the sewage. Increasing current density and power density are the most important challenges for microbial fuel cells. In this study, the two biocatalysts of Shewanella Oneidensis MR1 and Escherichia coli... 

During fuel combustion, aromatic sulfur compounds in energy fuels convert into sulfur oxides, which cause major environmental problems such as acidic rain, global warming, and air pollution. Absorption desulfurization is one of the promising and economical methods to remove these sulfur compounds from fuels. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of nanoporous materials that are of interest for use as adsorbents due to their high specific surface area, unique surface adsorption properties, high adsorption capacity, tunable porosity, flexible dynamic behavior, and diversity in functional and metal groups. In this research, we first synthesized five metal-organic frameworks, namely... 

In this research, molybdenum and tungsten catalysts modified with cobalt and nickel on a carbon support have been synthesized and investigated in the oxidation desulfurization process. A model fuel was used to evaluate the synthesized catalysts. This model fuel was n-decane. dibenzothiophene was also used as a sulfur model. The synthesized catalysts were subjected to various analyzes such as XRD, FTIR, Raman, BET-BJH, NH3-TPD, TEM and ICP-OES for structural evaluation. On the other hand, synthetic parameters such as metal loading rate, molar or weight ratio of secondary metal (cobalt and nickel) to primary metal (molybdenum and tungsten) and molar ratio of citric acid to primary metal as... 

In this study, modification of Polyvinylidene fluoride membrane in order to reduce membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors is investiged. To achieve this goal, chemical modification and grafting methods were used. Initially, by chemical modification, the reaction was made to make hydroxyl groups on the membrane surface. The hydroxyl functional groups were used as a site for connecting of subsequent monomers. Finally, the lysozyme enzyme was used as the main modifier to improve the hydrophilicity and antibacterial properties of the membrane surface. To evaluate the performance of the modified membrane in comparison with the pristine membrane, different tests, such as water contact angle... 

Environmental regulations with respect to the marine diesel emissions have become stricter during recent years, thereby imposing traffic limitations on Iranian ships preventing them to enter emission control areas. Nitrogen oxides (NOx), as one of most important air pollutants, have adverse impacts on public health and ecosystem, so as the ships are the primary source of NOx internationally, the after-treatment system finds more urge to be developed. In this study, a NOx reduction system using non-thermal plasma technology is studied in order to determine its application and efficiency for NOx removal from the exhaust gas of Iranian marine diesel engines. Meanwhile, important factors were... 

Nowadays best using of fossil fuels sources of the country (and) importance of comparison against lack of capacity in petrol production make determined the programmers and the directors to foresee and design expanded programs of the goals, to use natural gas for car fuels. To reach fulfillment of these programs, the confirmed needs of the natural gas cylinders are improved and make it essential to invest on producing compressive natural gas cylinders. In this way economical and technical change researches has been done in order to construct on department to produce 200,000 compressive natural gas cylinders in a year during two sets.(shifts) According to the results of technical researches... 

Drop penetration into the capillary tube, as a classical problem, has been studied over 100 years. But there are a few studies that investigate forced impregnation of capillary tubes, which has major application in coating, inkjet printing and rain drop penetration into the soil, have been made. A comprehensive numerical investigation on millimeter droplet impact dynamics on a thick capillary tube with micrometer sized pore is conducted and validated against experimental data. This work is extended to oblique impact of drops into pores and normal impact on nanoscaled pores. We apply the finite volume numerical method to solve the time-dependent governing equations of continuity, momentum in... 

Dynamic impedance functions method is most recent approach in the analysis of soil-foundation dynamic interaction, and presented for massless rigid foundations. Impedance functions are frequency dependent functions, and used to obtain dynamic response of foundation with arbitrary mass subjected to dynamic loading of any frequency and magnitude. The important assumptions for appropriate useof mentioned method are rigidity of foundation and visco-elastic behavior of the soil beneath the foundation. In this study, experimental vertical impedance functions of square and circular foundations have been investigated,using physical modeling tests. A granular soil layer with finite thickness... 

Optimal investment strategies are often derived in continuous time models, but have to be implemented in discrete time. It has been shown that in models with stochastic volatility or jumps; this could lead to significant utility loss, for an investor who utilizes ‘Derivatives’ in his/her portfolio. In this study, we determine the optimal investment strategies with discrete trading explicitly taken into account, through ‘Stochastic Dynamic Programming’. These strategies are in the form of optimal factor exposures for portfolio. The investor, then, needs to use sufficient non-redundant Derivatives in addition to the ‘Stock’ to gain the desired exposures in each point of state space he meet.... 

Phased array systems which are used for sending and receiving electromagnetic signals in mandatory directions are widely used in today’s wireless communication, satellite communication, and radar systems. Phased array systems are composed of units called transmitter/ receiver (TR) modules. These units are connected to antennas in one end and to the combiner/divider at the other end and are playing a major role in determining the quality of phased arrays. Transmitter/Receiver units include a phase shifting circuit for controlling the phase and an attenuator circuit for amplitude control of the signal being sent or received, solid state switches and a number of amplifiers. The aim of this...