Sharif Digital Repository

The economic effects of large dams that were constructed during 1370-1393 in Iran are explored in this thesis and their effects on agriculture and welfare of their own district and downstream districts are analyzed. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method is used to investigate these effects and for more accurate results, we control for geographical variables and rainfall. The results of this study show that dam construction leads to higher agricultural yield, production value and irrigated area in the dam’s own district; but it doesn’t affect yield, production and irrigated area of downstream districts. Also dam construction results in planting more water-intensive crops in their own district... 

Respect to increasing water scarcity in the world, it is necessary to ameliorate agriculture methods in order to efficiency enhancement. However, it seems that in underdeveloped counties faced with the water problem, barriers exist which prevent farmers from adopting new technologies. For researching this problem, drop pressure technology studied in Salmas County locate in West Azerbaijan state in Iran. The purpose of this research is to explore factors of lack of diffusion of new agricultural technologies in underdeveloped areas with water scarcity problem. The research problem is that notwithstanding government facilities, the diffusion rate of drop pressure technology in this area is very... 

What is the effect of access to paved roads on farmland rental rates? To answer this question, I estimate the impact of the increase in the share of people in counties that access asphalt roads on irrigated farmland rental rents between 2006 and 2011 in Iran. For this analysis, I construct a county-level panel dataset by combining 2006 and 2011 Iranian census and agricultural data on cropland as well as farmland rental rates and exploit a fixed effects approach. I show that the availability of rural asphalt roads, rural sanded roads, and railroad stations increased irrigated farmland rental rates by 3.4 percent, 4.0 percent, and 1.6 percent, respectively. I also show that the effect of... 

Precipitation in the water year 1396-1397 is the lowest in the past decade. The present study is conducted during this water year and focuses on the effects of climate variables such as temperature and precipitation on child labor supply between Tir 1397 and Farvardin 1398. Children and household characteristics are also taken into account when evaluating child labor supply using OLS and Logit methods. Estimation results indicate that both child work hours and participation in the job market decline with an increase in precipitation. Furthermore, how much time children spend working or studying is heavily influenced by parents' income. The temperature variable does not have a significant... 

The water level of Lake Urmia has experienced a drop of 7.83 meters, from 1995 to 2017. According to previous studies, the uncontrolled development of agriculture, high consumption cultivation pattern, overuse of water resources for agricultural use and high water loss due to low irrigation efficiency, are the most important factors in the drying of Lake Urmia. Since agricultural sector is the largest water consumer (approximately 90%), the Lake Urmia Restoration Program has decided to study and implement the 40% reduction of water consumption in agricultural sector plans.Due to the inherent complexity of the Urmia Lake basin, accurate and realistic evaluation of the effectiveness of the... 

In this paper we seek to find the contribution of groundwater in irrigation agriculture in Iran. We use nationwide panel data of agricultural production in the period of 1993-2013. The results show us differences in productivity of agricultural outputs due to availability of groundwater. Panel data allows us to control regional factors like soil fertility affecting the productivity. We are looking for the main contributors to groundwater usage. Population growth in demand side and groundwater availability in supply side seem to be the most important factors  

In recent decades, the earth is affected by climate change and the seasons has been warmer than the last. Furthermore, the efficiency of agricultural irrigation is low, and it leads to surface water drought and decrease in groundwater level. The Middle East is known for its warm desert climate. Lack of water resources is considered the most limiting factor for sustainable agriculture and water management of irrigation is a crucial issue for agriculture in Middle East. So it’s necessary to devote the cropping pattern considering above changes. The FAO56 Penman-Monteith equation is the standardized ETo equation. A comparison was made between 8 selected methods and FAO56-PM. Thus the method... 

Agriculture consists a significant share in the economies of developing countries, and since temperatures and precipitation are considered to be the inputs for crop production, climate change has a direct impact on the agricultural sector. In this study, we are investigating the effect of climate change on the production and yield of crops in Iran, and for this purpose, we have used annual changes in temperature, precipitation, production, and yield of crops taking into account the fixed effects of year and district. To do this, we have used the panel data of districts between 1993 and 2015 regarding temperature and precipitation, the area under cultivation, and the amount of crops.... 

Water resources globally are facing significant stress due to overexploitation. In recent decades, the balance between the available water resources and the amount of water consumption in the catchment area of Lake Urmia due to human factors and natural phenomena like climate change has been severely disrupted. In the last 20 years, the cumulative impact of these factors has led to a dramatic reduction in Lake Urmia’s water level by over 8 meters, with a concomitant rise in water salinity. To address the hydrodynamic challenges of Lake Urmia, it is crucial to understand the upstream watersheds. Thirteen perennial rivers, primarily the Zarinehroud and Simineroud, fulfill the water rights... 

From the past, the damask rose has an important place in various pharmaceutical, food, health and cosmetic industries. This product has the largest cultivated area in Iran, which is about 24,000 hectares, equal to 60% of its total cultivation in the world. Considering the conditions required for the cultivation of this plant, including the low water requirement, the expansion of its cultivation has been considered. One of the important obstacles to not expanding cultivation is manual harvesting, which strongly affects the quality and mass of essential oil and rose water. The efforts that have been made so far in the field of designing and producing the rose harvesting machine have not had... 

The aim of this research is to measure the area of agricultural lands using realtime aerial images. This project is divided into two parts. In the first part of the project, five segmentation neural networks based on YOLOv8 models were designed. After collecting 734 images of agricultural lands, they were trained, and among them, the nano model was selected with 89% accuracy, 88% recall, and an inference time of 49.8 milliseconds. In the second part of this project, the internal characteristics and distortion elements of the camera used were identified through the calibration process using a chessboard. This process was carried out using 81 images and hadan RMS of 1.178. Also, the elements... 

The water crisis in Iran is not only caused by climatic changes, in other words, human factors have also influenced the increase in water consumption. The intertwining of various economic, political, and social factors has caused a direct and dynamic impact on water resources. Undoubtedly, one of the most important processes in policy-making and in the continuation of planning the country's water resources is the approval of useful laws from the point of view of implementation, monitoring and finally having a positive impact on the subject under discussion. From this point of view, the main research question is the role of laws on the current state of water resources management. The first... 

This study examines how agricultural profitability affects rural-to-urban migration in Iran. Since this relationship may suffer from endogeneity problems such as reverse causality, the main strategy is to use an instrumental variable approach (two-stage least squares regression). The results show that higher agricultural profitability leads to more migration from rural areas to cities. Specifically, an increase of one million tomans in annual agricultural profit increases the rural-to-urban migration rate by about 0.03 percentage points, which is statistically significant at the 1% level. This suggests that many rural residents want to move to cities, but they need higher agricultural... 

The effect of climate change on agricultural productivity and efficiency is a major concern and challenge for the agricultural industry. Different hydrometeorological variables, such as extreme temperature, precipitation, and their variations affect the growth and yield of the agricultural products. Saffron is one of the most important agricultural products in Iran. Iran produces the largest amount of Saffron globally and Hamadan Province is one of the major saffron-producing regions in Iran. This study uses different Artificial Intelligence methods not only for clustering and sensitivity analysis of the hydroclimatological variables but also for evaluating the impacts of climate change on... 

Agriculture accounts for 70% of global freshwater consumption. However, precise data on irrigation water use (IWU) at the regional scale is often lacking, which hampers the development of effective water management plans. This study aims to estimate irrigation water use (IWU) by integrating remote sensing soil moisture (SM) and actual evapotranspiration (ET) data into a root-zone soil water model. Since irrigation influences both SM and actual ET, increases in SM and ET following irrigation events can be leveraged to frequently retrieve IWU from remotely sensed data. In this regard, we first developed an irrigation-free soil water model simulating root-zone SM dynamics during non-growing...