Sharif Digital Repository

Deficiency of water leads to extensive researches on alternative water resources. recycling of wastewater for non-drinking purposes such as irrigation, industrial, green belts, forestry and streets and drainage channels washing is One of the existing methods. Therefore, sewage treatment with the purpose of reducing its electrical conductivity has been done in the current research using a real scale vermifilter. Hence, the effluent from a septic tank with a daily loading of 2 (m3/day) was pumped into the vermifilter during 45 days through a pumping system.Then, the effluent from the vermifilter by another pump entered on the surface of the substrate. The results showed that electrical... 

Respect to increasing water scarcity in the world, it is necessary to ameliorate agriculture methods in order to efficiency enhancement. However, it seems that in underdeveloped counties faced with the water problem, barriers exist which prevent farmers from adopting new technologies. For researching this problem, drop pressure technology studied in Salmas County locate in West Azerbaijan state in Iran. The purpose of this research is to explore factors of lack of diffusion of new agricultural technologies in underdeveloped areas with water scarcity problem. The research problem is that notwithstanding government facilities, the diffusion rate of drop pressure technology in this area is very... 

Lakes, marshes, and wetlands shrinkage and drying up due to natural and human driving forces is today one of the most important concerns in the world. Mahaarloo Salt Lake in southern part of Iran is (18 km far from south eastern of Shiraz ) drying-up and is faced with ecologic and environmental degradation. It recharges from western north by upstream basin of Shiraz and 3 rivers named Khoshk, Chenaarrahdaar, Soltaanabad and also from eastern south by Nazarabad river located in Sarvestan basin (Regional water org. of Fars 1382). In recent years, the shrinkage of Mahaarloo has been exacerbated by mismanagement of water resources, inappropriate land use, ignoring allocation of environmental... 

Climate change impacts especially on temperature and precipitation, may have various effects on agriculture and water demand of agriculture sector in different regions around the world. Based on numerous researches, these effects may be positive in a region while another region might endure negative effects. Therefore carrying out researches and developing methods to predict these impacts as well as mitigating strategies seem to be essential. The most worldwide accepted method is using global circulation models (GCMs) outputs under different greenhouse gases emission scenarios, and according to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments. IPCC claims that the most recent... 

In this paper we seek to find the contribution of groundwater in irrigation agriculture in Iran. We use nationwide panel data of agricultural production in the period of 1993-2013. The results show us differences in productivity of agricultural outputs due to availability of groundwater. Panel data allows us to control regional factors like soil fertility affecting the productivity. We are looking for the main contributors to groundwater usage. Population growth in demand side and groundwater availability in supply side seem to be the most important factors  

Precipitation is the most important term in the world water balance and irrigation is the major consumer of fresh water resources. However, most of the precipitation products are unable to accurately estimate the amount of water that is reaching the ground. Moreover limited information are available in terms of irrigated area and irrigation water use (IWU) at the global scale. On the other hand the confounding effect of the climate change and the world population growth has accelerated the decline in the world fresh water resources. Thereby, the precise estimates of these two parameters (i.e. Precipitation and irrigation) is essential for food and water security. In this study the soil water... 

The purpose of this study is to introduce a new indicator to estimate the amount of irrigation water in excess of the need and also to determine the optimal irrigation pattern to reduce water loss in agriculture. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the major loss of fresh water takes place in agriculture, and the reduction of water resources is more significant in developing countries that do not have advanced agricultural equipment. One of the challenges in the studies related to reducing the amount of water used in agriculture is a lack of knowledge on the spatial distribution and temporal changes in water loss in a region. Although estimation of...