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Dose-dependent effects of nanoscale graphene oxide on reproduction capability of mammals
Akhavan, O
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Dose-dependent effects of nanoscale graphene oxide on reproduction capability of mammals
Author :
Akhavan, O
Publisher :
Elsevier Ltd
Pub. Year :
2015
Subjects :
Body fluids Chromosomes Graphene Nanotechnology Biodistributions Body weight ...
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1 Chapter One: Introduction
(9)
1.1 Literature review
(11)
1.2 Ice Adhesion to Material surface
(19)
1.3 Industrial applications
(22)
2 Chapter Two: Theory
(26)
2.1 Heat transfer during pipe freezing
(26)
2.2 Phase-Change Problems
(30)
2.2.1 Mathematical formulation of phase-change problems [17]
(31)
2.2.1.1 Effects of Density Change
(34)
2.2.2 Generalization to Multidimension
(35)
2.2.3 Dimensionless Variables of Phase-Change Problem
(38)
2.2.4 Variable time step method for solving phase change problems: A numerical solution
(40)
2.2.5 Enthalpy method for solution of phase-change problems
(41)
2.3 The Properties of Nitrogen
(45)
2.4 The Structure of Ice
(46)
2.5 Regelation
(48)
2.6 The Production of Clear Ice
(48)
2.7 The effect of relative expansion between the ice and the pipe
(49)
3 Chapter Three: Numerical Modeling
(51)
3.1 Problem Definition
(51)
3.2 Geometry
(51)
3.3 Problem setup
(51)
3.4 Governing Equations
(52)
3.4.1 One Dimensional Equation
(54)
3.5 Solution Method
(57)
3.5.1 Fixed-Grid Methods
(57)
3.5.1.1 Interface Conditions
(59)
3.5.1.2 Determination of Time Steps
(60)
3.5.1.3 Implicit enthalpy method for solidification at a single phase-change temperature
(61)
3.6 Three Dimensional Modeling
(64)
3.6.1 Energy Equation
(65)
4 Chapter Four: Experimental Investigation
(67)
4.1 Experimental Setup
(67)
4.1.1 Test apparatus
(68)
4.2 Experimentation 1: Freezing of Water in 2 inch Pipe
(73)
4.2.1 Results and Discussion
(75)
4.3 Experiments 2: Freezing of Water in 4 inch Pipe
(77)
4.4 Experiments 3: Freezing of Diesel Fuel
(78)
5 Chapter Five: Results and Discussion
(84)
5.1 Numerical Results Validation
(84)
5.2 Two Dimensional Modeling
(86)
5.3 Three Dimensional Modeling
(89)
6 Chapter Six: Conclusion and Proposal for Future Works
(96)
6.1 Proposals for Future Work
(98)
7 References
(99)
