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Comparison of Electrical and Optical Links in Terms of Delay/Bit-Rate/Power Dissipation as GSI Interconnects

Shokouhi, Samad | 2017

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 50081 (05)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Electrical Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Sarvari, Reza
  7. Abstract:
  8. Today, the internal connections of the CPUs with a few billion wired transistors in 14 copper layers on the silicon wafer are possible. Recently, power dissipation has slowed the growth rate of clock growth in CPUs, and nowadays sometimes more than 60% power is lost in connections. In this situation, the increase in efficiency has been achieved in accordance with Moore's law with multi-core chips. This theme has made the connections between the cores much more important than before. Usually the information in the network structure on chip (NOC) is transmitted on these connections. Therefore, all three aspects of delay, power dissipation and bit rate are important for communication channels. One of the suggestions is to replace the electrical connections (EI) with optical interconnects (OIs). The OI structure of the light source (laser) external to the chip, as well as the transmitter, receiver and optical waveguide in the chip. Earlier in our research team, a method has been developed to make the transmission of information on electrical connections possible at the speed of light. This method is called the "Near Speed of light transmission" (NSOLT). Therefore, the motive of this thesis was to examine the important structures of the OI from various aspects and compare them with the existing electrical competitor. Therefore, the main contribution of this thesis is to study the internal components of the OI and to introduce a variety of silicon optical modulators and transmitters, and a variety of photodetectors in the receiver, and to summarize the results for easy comparison in the tables. These tables help determine the best available options and trends in technology over time. The results show that the NSOLT electrical system has 22nm CMOS technology in a global wire with a length of 38mm, has a delay of 321.22ps, which is equal to the optical waveguide OI system with an effective refractive index = 2.31, and the time of transfer from electrical to optical and optical to electrical is Zero. In this electrical system, the power dissipation value is = 118.7 / . In the optical system, the power of the unit of the bit is the function of the working frequency and length. But the best available reports have been to save energy per unit length of 1.15 / for the same length; in this regard, optical systems can be preferred. It can be shown that this power dissipation is equal to = 0.6mm; in paths longer than , the power of the optical power will be less than electrical. The major part of the power consumption of optical systems is, unlike electric, static, and with the part that is expected to include the major power loss potential in future technologies, the will be wavelength tuning circuit micoring resonator (MRR). This part of MRRs is simulated by COMSOL software and the results of its sensitivity to temperature changes are reported in the Thesis
  9. Keywords:
  10. Photodetector ; Optical Waveguides ; Bit Rate ; Delay ; Electrical Interconnect ; Power Consumption ; Optical Interconnects

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