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Design and Operation of Proper Freeze Drying Process to Recover Active Biological Agent

Saadat, Mohammad Mahdi | 2017

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 50302 (06)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Rosta Azad, Reza
  7. Abstract:
  8. One of the most important unit operations in the production of dry powder biological products involves a freeze dryer apparatus. In this process, Liqueur, which is containing the α-amylase enzyme, undergoes a frigidity condition in which loses its moisture during sublimation. Under these circumstances, applying an adequate supply of sublimation enthalpy without raising the temperature of the frigid material up to melting, plays an important role in the quality of the product and preventing degradation of the α-amylase enzyme. Freeze drying depends on two main factors; time and energy. Furthermore, it is necessary to obtain an optimal temperature and pressure for different steps and materials. In this research, we tried to obtain an optimal thermodynamic condition for the process of Lyophilization. This optimal thermodynamic condition enjoys the best possible time for the α-amylase enzyme produced at Sharif University of Technology enzyme production center, with relatively high stability and activity. In order to dry α-amylase enzyme up to 99.15%, this optimal thermodynamic condition was reached in the shortest possible time span. In addition, to enjoy a better conduction on the process, the heat transfer phenomenon and thermodynamic conditions were evaluated at different stages. The best thermodynamic condition was reached at a temperature of -18°C and a pressure of 0.77 mbar, which was achieved by means of abundant experiments and maintaining the activity of α-amylase enzyme and reached about 10 hours during the process. In this study, the culture medium contains starch and the produced amylase is broken down into starches and converted to sugars such as glucose, disaccharide, and multi-ring sugars, which play the role of protecting the proteins as a cryoprotectant. In addition to reducing time and energy, the stability of the dried enzyme during the three-month period was investigated, which preserved the quality of the product. In the design process, A mercury freeze-drying is an innovative method which is based on a freeze dryer. In mercury freeze dryer process, in order to reduce pressure, instead of a vacuum pump, mercury is used which might be optimized on its own scale
  9. Keywords:
  10. Thermodynamics ; Alpha-amylase Enzyme ; Optimization ; Process Design ; Vacuum ; Freeze Drying Method

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