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Design, Construction and Experimental Study of Effect of a Pressure Intensifier Device on a Small Scale Reverse Osmosis System

Bolhassani, Mohammad | 2018

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 50776 (08)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Mechanical Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Arghavani Hadi, Jamal
  7. Abstract:
  8. Nowadays, water and energy shortage is the main concern of many industries. Every saving that could be done is valuable. In the first step of this project, energy recovery devices that are used in reverse osmosis systems, are reviewed and advantages and disadvantages of each system are investigated. These apparatuses save energy by recovering high-pressure energy from leaving brine and reduce the energy consumption of the device. The main focus of this study is energy consumption of the device that is used for desalination of seawater in reverse osmosis systems and on this basis, different energy recovery devices are compared. According to the investigation, results showed that most of the energy recovery devices that are used in reverse osmosis are large scale and suitable for large-scale desalination plants and they are inconvenient for small-scale plants. This results show the necessity of implementation of research on small-scale energy recovery devices. On this basis, pressure intensifier devices as the only energy recovery device that is used in small-scale reverse osmosis are selected to manufacture and more investigation. This apparatus, intensifies pressure of the output saline water of the low-pressure pump by recovering energy from high pressure condense output brine water and eliminates high-pressure pump. To this end, first, a short description of this device's performance presented and theory of application of this devices is expressed by extraction of mathematical formulas. Simulink model is introduced to show a better schematic of the device performance in different condition and flow. Then, three-dimensional designing of the device is implemented and using this three-dimensional model, prototyping is started. After the manufacturing of the prototype, in order to investigate the performance of the product, experimental setup according to the proposed arrangement is used. As it was anticipated, by analyzing the obtained results, it is shown that using energy recovery devices causes considerable energy savings for small-scale reverse osmosis for every litter of desalinated water. The amount of energy consumption reduction is varying with different conditions. In usual reverse osmosis systems used to desalinate seawater with 50 bar pressure, using manufactured energy recovering system, energy consumption of desalinated water is reduced from 17.47 W.h/l to 1.49 W.h/l
  9. Keywords:
  10. Energy Recovery ; Energy ; Reverse Osmosis ; Water ; Small Scales Effect ; Pressure Intesifier

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  • چکیده
  • فهرست مطالب
  • فهرست جدول ها
  • فهرست شکل ها
  • فهرست علامتها و نشانهها
  • فصل 1 : مقدمه
    • 1-1 آب و انرژی
    • 2-1 نمک‌زدایی1F
      • 1-2-1 منابع مختلف آب شور
      • 2-2-1 انتخاب روش نمک‌زدایی
      • 3-2-1 کیفیت آب و استانداردها
      • 4-2-1 روش‌های نمک‌زدایی آب دریا
        • 1-4-2-1 تبخیر7F
        • 2-4-2-1 تقطیر چند مرحله ای8F (MED)
        • 3-4-2-1 تبخیر چند مرحله ای ناگهانی9F (MSF)
        • 4-4-2-1 تراكم بخار10F (VC)
        • 5-4-2-1 سمز معکوس11F (RO)
        • 6-4-2-1 مقایسه روش‌های نمک‌زدایی آب دریا
    • 3-1 انرژی در نمک‌زدایی
      • 1-3-1 مصرف انرژی و گازهای گلخانه‌ای
      • 2-3-1 انرژی تجدید‌پذیر متغیر و اسمز معکوس
    • 4-1 هدف تحقیق و اهمیت آن
    • 5-1 خلاصه فصل‌ها
  • فصل 2 : پیشینه پژوهش و مرور ادبیات
    • 1-2 ‌بازیابی انرژی
    • 2-2 ‌بازیابی انرژی در اسمز معکوس
      • 1-2-2 تأثیر ‌بازیابی انرژی بر هزینه‌ها
    • 3-2 انواع دستگاه‌های ‌بازیاب انرژی مجموعه اسمز معکوس
      • 1-3-2 توربین فرانسیس30F
      • 2-3-2 چرخ پلتون33F
      • 3-3-2 توربو شارژر34F
      • 4-3-2 ریکوپریتور42F
      • 5-3-2 مبدل کار43F (DWEER)
      • 6-3-2 مبدل فشار46F (PX)
      • 7-3-2 پمپ و ‌بازیاب انرژی یکپارچه50F (IPER)
      • 8-3-2 تقویت کننده فشار
    • 4-2 جمع بندی و بیان اهداف پروژه
  • فصل 3 : طراحی و مدلسازی
    • 1-3 طرح مفهومی ‌تقویت کننده فشار
    • 2-3 تئوری عملکردی ‌تقویت کننده فشار
      • 1-2-3 تقویت کننده فشار ایده‌آل
      • 2-2-3 تقویت کننده فشار با در نظر گرفتن نشتی‌ها
    • 3-3 طراحی سه بعدی تقویت کننده فشار
    • 4-3 مدلسازی تقویت کننده فشار
    • 5-3 مدلسازی ماژول اسمز معکوس
    • 6-3 مدلسازی مجموعه اسمز معکوس کوچک مقیاس
  • فصل 4 : ساخت و انجام آزمایش‌های تجربی
    • 1-4 ساخت دستگاه تقویت کننده فشار
    • 2-4 انجام آزمایش‌
  • فصل 5 بحث و نتیجه گیری
    • 1-5 تحلیل نتایج آزمایش
    • 2-5 جمع بندی
    • 3-5 پیشنهادات
      • مراجع
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