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Numerical Investigation of Parameters Affecting the Behavior of Backdraft Phenomena and Its Extinguishing

Parsa, Sina | 2020

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 53217 (08)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Mechanical Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Farhanieh, Bijan
  7. Abstract:
  8. Fires in buildings and closed environments are considered as the most important types of fires due to the possibility of the presence of people and the possibility of life-threatening. Understanding and predicting fire behavior is critical to preventing damage. Backdraft is a special phenomenon of fire that occurs in a chamber with limited ventilation. In a closed environment where there is fire, over time, due to the closed doors and windows, the oxygen required for combustion decreases and as a result, semi-combustible materials can be dangerously exposed to the environment with flammable vapors and gases. Fill and when sufficient air reaches this chamber, a sudden explosion or the same phenomenon of re-burning (Backdraft) will take place. Backdraft dramatically increases the temperature and pressure and intensifies the fire; Therefore, recognizing and examining the characteristics affecting the behavior of this phenomenon can prevent the occurrence of many dangers. In this study, using fire dynamics simulator, modeling and numerical simulation of the behavior of the backdraft phenomenon in a closed environment was performed. Using the numerical method, the effect of fuel injection parameters from the combustion source, door dimensions, chamber dimensions, combustion source location and the use of different fuels on accelerating, delaying or extinguishing the Backdraft phenomenon has been investigated. The results indicate that if the fuel and semi-combustible materials are reacted with lower concentrations, it is possible to delay the Backdraft phenomenon at low pressures. The use of butane gas as a fuel increased the dynamic pressure to 110 Pascals; Which has the most impact among the studied parameters
  9. Keywords:
  10. Backdraft Phenomena ; Chamber Ratio ; Dynamic Pressure ; Numerical Simulation ; Fire ; Enclosures ; Fire Extinguisher

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