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Modeling of Water-energy Cycle and Water Particle Pathways in the Gadarchay Subbasin of the Lake Urmia Basin

Rahmani, Javad | 2021

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 53935 (09)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Civil Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Danesh Yazdi, Mohammad
  7. Abstract:
  8. The water level of Lake Urmia has experienced a drop of 7.83 meters, from 1995 to 2017. According to previous studies, the uncontrolled development of agriculture, high consumption cultivation pattern, overuse of water resources for agricultural use and high water loss due to low irrigation efficiency, are the most important factors in the drying of Lake Urmia. Since agricultural sector is the largest water consumer (approximately 90%), the Lake Urmia Restoration Program has decided to study and implement the 40% reduction of water consumption in agricultural sector plans.Due to the inherent complexity of the Urmia Lake basin, accurate and realistic evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed scenarios in reducing water consumption is not possible without simulating the processes and factors affecting the hydrological reaction of this system. In this study, the water consumption reduction scenarios have been evaluated by developing a three-dimensional physically based and fully coupled land surface groundwater model, capable of tracing water, (ParFlow-CLM-EcoSLIM).Specifically, this study investigates the effect of scenarios of changing the cultivation area, different irrigation systems, changing the amount of groundwater withdrawal and also climate change on the amount of generated runoff in Godarchay sub-basin. In addition, using the water tracking capability of the EcoSLIM model, which is fully coupled with ParFlow-CLM model, the contribution of each components of the flow, such as rainfall, snowmelt, and groundwater has been determined. Also, the travel time distribution of output currents is simulated and studied. The results of the first part of this study (ParFlow-CLM model) show that reducing the cultivation area will not necessarily lead to a significant reduction in the total evapotranspiration of the study area. Moreover, a comparison of drip and spray irrigation systems shows that the total evapotranspiration rate in the drip irrigation system is lower, while the drip irrigation system makes a larger volume of water available to the vegetation. The study of climate change in the coming period (until 2040) shows that due to the decrease in rainfall and increase in air temperature in the coming years, the simulated discharge will decrease by 38%. The results of the second part of the study (particle tracking) show that snowmelt is the main source of the river discharge and evapotranspiration in the region, so that the contribution of snowmelt, rainfall and groundwater in the production of river discharge during a water year is equal to 56, 5 and 39 percent, respectively
  9. Keywords:
  10. Agriculture ; Climate Change ; Water Conservation ; Gadarchay Subbasin ; Water Consumption Reduction Scenarios ; Hydrological Modeling ; Water Tracking

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