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The Effect of Magnetization on the Evolution of the Plasma of Quarks and Gluons

Tabatabaee Mehr, Mohammad Ali | 2020

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  1. Type of Document: Ph.D. Dissertation
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 54041 (04)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Physics
  6. Advisor(s): Sadooghi, Neda
  7. Abstract:
  8. Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of strong interaction. Two main properties of QCD in low energies are chiral symmetry breaking and confinement. At finite temperature, QCD exhibits a certain transition from a chirally broken phase to a chirally restored phase and liberation of color charge. Lattice QCD at finite temperature shows a crossover transition at vanishing or small chemical potential while the model-dependent studies, e.g. the Nambu-Jona--Lasinio model predicts a first-order phase transition at large chemical potentials. The first order and crossover transition lead to the existence of a critical point in the phase diagram of QCD. Determining the nature of the phase transition and location of the critical point is one of the aims of ongoing heavy-ion collision experiments. In these collisions, due to the fast-moving of charged particles, an enormous magnetic field of the order of $10^{18}-10^{20}$ Gauss is generated which has an imprint on the thermodynamical properties of matter produced. In this setup, it is also possible that the medium has a large initial angular momentum which during the evolution of plasma leads to the spin polarization of produced particles.In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of plasma evolution, one needs to take into account the interaction of magnetic dipole moment of particles with external magnetic fields which lead to a nonzero magnetization. It is also important to consider the coupling of spin and fluid vorticity.In this thesis, we study the equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of matter in extreme conditions in inertial and rotating frames. In this direction, we present the results of four problems: First, using the relativistic magnetohydrodynamics, we study the effect of finite magnetic and electric susceptibility on nondissipative coefficients. Then, in the context of kinetic theory, we consider an expanding magnetized plasma subjected to Bjorken flow. In this study, an anisotropic one-particle distribution function is introduced, and the proper time evolution of all thermodynamical quantities are determined using this distribution function. In order to look at this problem from a different point of view and, in particular, to take into account the quantum effects, we use an approach based on the Wigner function formalism. Extending this formalism to a magnetized matter, the hydrodynamical evolution of a magnetized plasma is studied in two limits of high and low temperatures. Finally, in order to investigate the effect of rotation on the thermodynamics of fermionic matter, the gap equation is solved with a certain spectral boundary condition
  9. Keywords:
  10. Quantum Chromo Dynamics ; Magnetization ; Phase Diagram ; Magnetohydrodynamic ; Quark-Gluon Plasma ; Quark Matter ; Rotating Fermionic System ; Quark Matter in Equilibrium ; Quark Matter out of Equilibrium

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