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Fabrication and Enhancement of an Antibacterial Chitosancoated Allantoin-Loaded Skin Wound Dressing for Clinic Use

Haki Zahi Margouk, Mohamamd | 2021

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 54728 (08)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Mechanical Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Shamloo, Amir; Akbari, Javad
  7. Abstract:
  8. Skin as the largest organ of the body is constructed of three distinctive layers referred to as epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin and acts as body’s first barrier against infectious agents and contains mostly sweat glands. Dermis is the mid-layer of the skin which makes up to 70% of the skin and plays a significant role in maintaining body’s metabolism and is home to a huge part of skin’s vascular network, nerve cells and hair follicles. Hypodermis on other hand, is the deepest layer of the skin and mainly acts as a bonding layer between upper skin layers and the soft tissue underneath. Although skin is proved to have a profound ability to regenerate itself when injured because of the huge colonies of stem cells it contains, it loses this ability in case of severe injuries where these stem cells are damaged. In such cases, it is important to introduce a method to encourage the injured skin to find its regenerative characteristics back. One of the methods that has been attracting so much attention recently is tissue engineering in which scaffolds - 3D networks of polymers that act like cell-friendly skin parts - are used as the base for the formation of new skin tissue.
    In this thesis, a novel hydrogel is developed using tissue engineering techniques to be utilized as a commercial skin wound dressing. The base materials of this hydrogel are Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and Alginate which are two biocompatible and non-toxic polymers widely used in tissue engineering applications. By further research, Epichlorohydrin (ECH) was chosen as the cross-linker of polymer chains in the hydrogel resulting in a stable and stiff 3D structure that can be utilized as a skin scaffold. This experiment has been carried out in two distinct phases. After determining the optimal amount of ECH in the hydrogel for the best cross-linking quality in the first phase, to improve the antibacterial performance of developed scaffold, a coated layer of chitosan was added to the outer layer of a CMC/Alginate hydrogel in the second phase of the study. This coated layer degrades fast and tends to improve the antibacterial characteristics of the developed scaffold in the early phases of skin regeneration. To further improve the antibacterial characteristics of the hydrogel, Allantoin – an antibiotic with antibacterial effects – was also added to the hydrogel in the second phase. Controlled release of Allantoin during the curing process of damaged skin guarantees the antibacterial effect of the developed skin wound dressing throughout the healing period. Finally, the effects of adding these materials to the substrate were monitored and evaluated. The results of this study suggest that the samples with 2:1 ratio of NaCMC/SA containing Chitosan coating and Allantoin exhibit the best antibacterial performance against E. Coli and S. Aureus bacteria
  9. Keywords:
  10. Tissue Engineering ; Skin Scaffolds ; Polymers ; Carboxymethyl Cellulose ; Alginate ; Chitosan ; Pathogenic Bacterias ; Biocompatible Polymer ; Allantoin ; Crosslinking ; Epichlorohydrin

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