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Numerical Investigation of Hypertension in Plaque Formation and Growth in Human Aorta

Benvidi, Amir Abbas | 2023

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 55989 (08)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Mechanical Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Firoozabadi, Bahar
  7. Abstract:
  8. Nowadays, cardiovascular diseases are among the most prevalent cause of death worldwide. Besides, atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease happening with the continuous narrowing of vessels, especially medium and large-sized arteries. Moreover, the human aorta is vulnerable to this phenomenon. Atherosclerosis happens when the excess LDL in the blood flow penetrates the arterial wall. Then, the LDL is oxidized, thereby recruiting monocytes as the response against oxidized LDL. After monocytes enter the arterial wall, they differentiate and become macrophages. Macrophages then transform into foam cells by ingesting the oxidized LDL. The fatty foam cells are eventually responsible for the growth of the arterial wall and lead to its narrowing. In the present study, the effect of hypertension on the incidence of atherosclerosis is numerically investigated in a patient-specific geometry of the thoracic human aorta and its major branches using Fluent software. First, by the solution of the Navier-Stocks equation, the blood flow characteristics in the lumen were investigated. Then, using the kedem-katchalsky equation and three-pore model, the filtration velocity of plasma and the LDL flux through the arterial wall was obtained in different cases of dependence of the endothelial cell characteristics on TAWSS, OSI, and both of these factors. Finally, by solving the Darcy equation and the convection-diffusion-reaction equations in the wall of the human aorta artery, the species concentrations were obtained. It is observed that in the case of dependence of endothelial cell characteristics on TAWSS, the results are in better agreement with clinical data. It is also observed that atherosclerosis mainly occurs in the left common carotid artery. In addition, with an increase in transverse pressure increases from 70mmHg to 90mmHg, the average foam cell concentration in the arterial wall increases by 127%
  9. Keywords:
  10. Atherosclerosis ; Aorta Artery ; Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) ; Hypertension ; Foam Cell ; Artery Stenosis ; Time-Averaged Wall Shear Stress (TAWSS)

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