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Assessing the Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicles in Different Technology Development and Energy Supply Scenarios: A Case Study of Tehran

Habibi, Ali | 2023

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 56118 (46)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Energy Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Khajehpour, Hossein
  7. Abstract:
  8. Air pollution has been one of the most important problems in Tehran in recent years. So that the number of deaths due to air pollution in Tehran reaches more than 7000 cases per year. More than 75% of air pollutant emissions in Tehran city (including 60% of PM2.5 emissions) originate from mobile sources. Considering the harmful effects and damages caused by air pollutants, it is important to examine and evaluate the effects of hybrid-electric vehicles on the emissions of the transportation sector and air quality, especially in areas with a large population and realized high traffic load. On the other hand, the continuous reduction of renewable electricity production costs makes electricity a low-cost and attractive energy source for supplying the energy needed by the transportation sector. In this study, the environmental effect of the development of electric and hybrid cars in different scenarios in Tehran metropolis, during the period of autumn 2017 to autumn 2018 has been evaluated. Investigating the effects of the use of these cars on the emission of pollutants and greenhouse gases, as well as on the change in ambient air quality, is one of the main goals of this research. In this regard, at first, the emissions from passenger cars, taxis, and motorcycles in Tehran city was calculated using the IVE model. The results show that passenger cars have the largest share in the emission of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides, with a share of 81, 62, 70, and 86% respectively. The annual emission of particulate matter from the passenger fleet is 3,676.7 tons, of which less than 5% is caused by fuel combustion and the rest by abrasion emissions. In the following, after validating the pollutants dispersion model in Tehran city, the concentration of pollutants in different areas of Tehran city in different scenarios was estimated using the AERMOD model and the health effects (mortality) caused by air pollution were evaluated using the health effect function and AirQ+ software. The base scenario is the current situation of the emission of pollutants in Tehran. In the Euro 4 scenario, the emission standards of light vehicles will be upgraded to the European Euro 4 standards. In the electrification scenarios, it is assumed that all passenger cars, taxis and motorcycles in Tehran will be replaced with equivalent electric or hybrid vehicles. In these scenarios, two-thirds of the vehicles are electric and one-third are hybrid (non-rechargeable). In the electric-base scenario, the emission coefficients of the power plant are the same as the emission coefficients of the base scenario. In the renewable scenario, it is assumed that all the electricity needed by the fleet is provided from renewable and pollution-free sources. The results show that with the electrification of the light transport fleet, the number of polluted days associated with PM2.5 pollutant in Tehran will decrease by 38 days. The annual average concentration in the simulation area in the light fleet electrification scenario with powerplants energy supply compared to the base scenario, is reduced by 1.4% for total suspended particles, 47.6% for nitrogen oxides, 21.2% for sulfur dioxide, 86% for carbon monoxide, and 4.9% for PM2.5. In the scenario of powering the electric fleet with renewable sources, the number of annual deaths related to particulate matter will decrease by 29 cases, related to NOx by 637 cases, SO2 by 27 cases, and PM2.5 by 248 cases per year
  9. Keywords:
  10. Air Pollution ; Electrical Vehicle ; AMS/EPA Regulatory Model (AERMOD) ; Tehran City ; Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) ; Particulate Matter Less than 2.5 mm ; Renewable Energy Resources

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