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Using Nanofiltration Membranes to Remove Heavy Metals from Drinking Water

Nasiri Farsi, Mohammad Reza | 2024

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 57730 (06)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Mousavi, Abbas
  7. Abstract:
  8. Given the rapid growth of the population and the increasing demand for drinking water, along with the depletion of freshwater resources, the presence of heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, and chromium in water sources is considered a serious threat to public health due to their bioaccumulation properties and potential carcinogenicity. In this study, the process of nanofiltration has been employed to remove these heavy metals. Nanofiltration is recognized as an effective method for water treatment due to its low energy consumption and high efficiency. The primary objective of this research is to enhance the physical and chemical properties of nanofiltration membranes through modification with nanoparticles. The nanoparticles used in this process increase hydrophilicity, and selectivity, and reduce fouling on the membranes, while also significantly improving the chemical, thermal, and mechanical stability of the membranes under critical conditions. After the synthesis of nanoparticles, their efficiency in adsorbing heavy metals has been evaluated, and the parameters for membrane fabrication, including the concentration of polymers and nanoparticles as well as environmental conditions, have been optimized. The results obtained from the experiments, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption isotherms, and infrared spectroscopy, indicate that the nanoparticle-modified membranes can enhance the arsenate removal efficiency by up to 96%, making them a viable solution for the treatment of safe drinking water
  9. Keywords:
  10. Nanofiltration Membrane ; Drinking Water ; Heavy Metals ; Arsenic ; Water Treatment ; Membrane Technology

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