Sharif Digital Repository

This project examines four alternatives such as pipelines, oil injection wells, LNG & GTL in the purpose of Iran gas utilization. In this Project four strategies using cost/benefit analysis are examined. For this purpose, at first the cost of inlet feed gas per Mmbtu are calculated. Then regarding various scenarios of average world gas prices for the following thirty years, the cost & benefit of any way will be counted. Then with the use of energy security, the project will make energy policy. For this purpose, Shannon indicator will be used as one of the most reliable indicators. Due to the of use this indicator, the popular project will be chosen accordingly as a certain amount of gas the... 

Climate change and energy security are key drivers for future energy policy. While energy security has been a pillar of energy policy for about a century, concern about climate change is more recent and is bound to radically change the landscape of energy policy. Policy makers are now under increasing pressure to address these twin challenges: to develop cost-effective policies that will both ensure the security of our energy system and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Main Effort in this Project is to construct an integrated model of Iran’s energy system to serve as a policy analysis tool, by which policymakers are able to identify the future effects of a wide range of policies in... 

Based on International Energy Agency studies, achievement of 450 ppm CO2-equivalent emission target in global emission means that the CO2 emissions in 2050 must be reduced to %50 of 2005 level, and this implies that a portfolio of emission reduction policies and strategies need to be exploited through current century.
At the present time, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Technology is a dominant strategy among all the long-term carbon abatement strategies in many countries. Nevertheless, its potential as a climate mitigating option will be proved, only if it is implemented in the countries which are developing at a great pace and taking advantage of fossil fuels in order to afford their... 

In this project a model for the analysis and assessment of gas transit in the Caspian Sea and its effects on the desired benefits of the approach of decision-making, has been developed.
The first comprehensive review of the supply and demand of gas in the world and the countries of the Caspian region and the cast has been affecting world energy developments.After a comprehensive analysis of the status of the gas transit routes from the Caspian region and provided. Then, using the Delphi method and elite views the main criteria related to gas transit and affecting the interests of the countries of the Caspian region to determine the detailed criteria for each main criterion was determined... 

The trend of increasing energy intensity in the country, despite awareness of the officials and managers of the need to take action to improve it, is ongoing. Various studies conducted worldwide to improve the productivity of energy. These studies suggest ways for improving energy intensity; suggestions that will never be implemented, because of lack of utility consideration of actors. In this research, in search for energy intensity reduction barriers in the industrial sector of the country, a game theoretical approach has been applied. In this study’s modeling, energy consuming firms as an actor, compete with each other and the government as an important actor in the implementation or... 

Energy efficiency for Iran, which has large reserves of oil and gas but also has a high energy consumption is important because it ensures the country's energy security and saving each energy unit creates energy exports opportunity. Buildings have high energy saving potential; this sector uses about thirty percent of energy consumption (about half the gas and thirty percent of the annual electricity consumption). Households are not motivated in saving energy because government pays energy subsidy. In this research building energy consumption (in Tehran) modeled by bottom up approach. Then the effect of economic incentive tools such as subsidy, loan and tax on motivation in energy saving... 

Due to financial resources constraints, the country's oil industry, especially the upstream oil sector accounting for most of the country's foreign exchange and budget revenues, has not been developed. Thanks to the international sanctions against our country, the conventional financing methods are difficult to use anymore. According to the the current circumstances, the alternative sources of funding using modern approaches are necessary. Moreover, small capital is one of the alternative sources with the high potential for the high level of the liquidity in the society. This study, investigates the financial tools regarding capital market to attract small capital in order to finance... 

Lithium ion battery is one of the innovative and emerging technologies in energy sector that has played a major role in electricity supply security by integration of renewable energy technologies in electrical grid, implementation of electrical transportation system and de-carbonation of the both sectors in recent years. On the other hand, the formation of the potential market of technology as one of the functions of the technological innovation system plays an essential role in creation and advancement of innovation in the energy sector. Therefore, in this thesis, the development of lithium ion battery technology in Iran has been investigated from the perspective of the technology market in... 

The oil refining industry, as the first oil supply chain, is of great importance. By examining the issue of the Iranian Oil Refining Industry, using the game theory, one can find an accurate analysis of the barriers to the development of this industry. For this purpose, the main factors affecting the oil refining industry, the government and the refinery's owner, are modeled and their benefits are considered. By examining the relationship between these actors and their actions, the following strategies are proposed to improve the administration and regulate the Iranian oil refining industry:
1- Refining feed prices, according to the quality of crude oil (sulfur content and API... 

This study will examine the interests of Iran in entering one of the largest and most outreaching LNG markets which is China. In order to examine these interests, understanding China's policy on importing LNG and the competitive environment in this market is necessary. First, the decision theory is used to simulate China's policy on adjusting the import mix during the demand growth period of 2011 to 2017.This provides a simulated picture of its policy on increasing demand for the 2020. Then, the behavior of other LNG exporting countries to China is analyzed using game theory approach. By analyzing the sensitivity of the parameters in which uncertainty exist, it was revealed that Iran's... 

Iran has the second largest gas reserves in the world with huge gas reserves about 32 trillion cubic meters. The expansion of gas exports in recent decades has been accompanied by liquefied natural gas exports, with the LNG industry growing rapidly due to the inability to export gas via pipeline to distant markets. The expansion of the LNG industry around the world, there have been various markets for this product that the Southeast Asian market being the largest market for this product and Japan is the largest importer in this sector.Specific mechanisms of the Japanese market, which have separated it from the rest of the LNG importing countries, are the extension of long-term contracts for... 

The subsidies targeting law was ratified on October 23, 2009. At mentioned law appointed that the government redistributes up to 50% of earned revenues from price reforming of energy carriers to households by cash and non-cash payments and 30% of earned revenues to the production sector. But reports studies indicate that from 2010 to 2016, the government allocated 93.4% of the revenues to households in cash and non-cash and only 0.7% to the production sector. It can, therefore, be concluded that the subsidies targeting law has not been properly implemented. Indeed, the government has not only failed to fully reform energy carriers prices, but also has increased the households’ share of... 

The Oil and gas industry is one of the most important industries in the world. It has great role in Iran’s economy also. Regarding complexities of new companies, there is room for more cooperation and coordination within the industry and with other actors. Oil and gas niches have close interdependency with financial sector. The new encrypted currencies play great role in new financial models. Blockchain technology can help the oil and gas industry by using its appropriate features. Blockchain is a system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. The supply chain of oil and gas industry in Iran includes upstream, midstream... 

Due to rising demand of Natural gas in the global market and expected natural gas production soar in Iran which holds largest natural gas reserved in the world, addressing the optimal allocation of natural gas resources considering the role of Iran in global trade is of utmost importance to researchers as well as policy makers . The aim of this research is to develop a decision making tool which optimally allocate the natural gas resources. To develop this tool, qualitative and quantitative models of Multi-Criteria decision making considering energy security, economic and environment criteria are coupled to find the bests alternative options of natural gas exploration and the economic... 

Iran has the second largest natural gas resources in the world and these rich resources provide Iran with good potential for exporting natural gas but so far this potential has not been used well. In contrast, India is a major importer of these energy carriers due to high energy consumption and low level of energy production, especially oil and natural gas production, and continues to increase its imports so that its natural gas imports in 2018 equals 30 billion cubic meters, the IEA expects to reach 85 billion cubic meters by 2040. So the two countries can complement each other in the field of natural gas, such as crude oil and have close relations.In this study, using AHP, Iran's gas... 

Undoubtedly, energy is one of the most important components of progress in any country. Despite some existing imagery about the future of human access to new and non-renewable energy sources, it is now safe to say that energy is a limited resource that is becoming increasingly difficult to access over time. Utilizing the experiences of developed countries in the field of optimal management and advancing strategic goals in the field of energy is one of the necessities of the country today. In this dissertation, using the meta-combined method, the experiences of the United States of America, China, Saudi Arabia, Norway, Singapore and India as countries that each have one of the advantages in... 

The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic, welfare, and environmental effects of the policy of reforming energy subsidies in the industrial sector. The policy of reforming energy subsidies has been examined in the form of 6 scenarios based on the elimination of the current system of payment and redistribution of income among households and producers in certain proportions using a computable general equilibrium model. In the static model, economic variables include variables of production, price and net exports at the industry level and GDP variables, consumer price index, household consumption, government spending, investment, total imports and exports, prices and employment of... 

According to increasing energy demand in Iran and the world, the role of natural gas as a relatively clean and cost-effective source has received more attention. Given the high share of the residential sector in the country's natural gas consumption, providing a model for forecasting the demand of this sector is of great importance for policy makers and decision makers in this field. In the present study, we employ three popular methods of machine learning, support vector regression, artificial neural network and decision tree to predict the consumption of natural gas in the residential sector in Tehran according to meteorological parameters (including temperature, precipitation and wind... 

In this study, the ST14 low carbon steel sheet was used as a skin layer in the construction of three-layer laminates. The use of this steel was due to its high mechanical properties and excellent formability. A thermoplastic polyurethane sheet was also used as the core layer. The selection criteria of this polymer were no need for adhesive (for bonding metal to polymer) as well as proper mechanical properties (elongation and strength) and physical (density). The perfect process for manufacturing three-layer laminates is the roll bonding process. To manufacturing a laminate with the desired properties of the designer, the rolling parameters (rolling speed and thickness reduction) must be... 

Many pieces of evidence of climate change show that humanity should be concerned about the future of its life and the planet. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has reached its highest level. Therefore, in recent years, the reduction of publications and climate issues has been on the agenda of governments. For this reason, governments and various international organizations are looking for a way to change and reform the global energy system. Forecasts indicate a decrease in the share of fossil fuels and an increase in the percentage of renewable energies and hydrogen. Hydrogen has been introduced as the future fuel carrier due to its many advantages such as the...