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A full pipeline of diagnosis and prognosis the risk of chronic diseases using deep learning and Shapley values: The Ravansar county anthropometric cohort study

Jafari, H ; Sharif University of Technology | 2022

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  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262701
  3. Publisher: Public Library of Science , 2022
  4. Abstract:
  5. Anthropometry is a Greek word that consists of the two words "Anthropo"meaning human species and "metery"meaning measurement. It is a science that deals with the size of the body including the dimensions of different parts, the field of motion and the strength of the muscles of the body. Specific individual dimensions such as heights, widths, depths, distances, environments and curvatures are usually measured. In this article, we investigate the anthropometric characteristics of patients with chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, heart attacks and strokes) and find the factors affecting these diseases and the extent of the impact of each to make the necessary planning. We have focused on cohort studies for 10047 qualified participants from Ravansar County. Machine learning provides opportunities to improve discrimination through the analysis of complex interactions between broad variables. Among the chronic diseases in this cohort study, we have used three deep neural network models for diagnosis and prognosis of the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as a case study. Usually in Artificial Intelligence for medicine tasks, Imbalanced data is an important issue in learning and ignoring that leads to false evaluation results. Also, the accuracy evaluation criterion was not appropriate for this task, because a simple model that is labeling all samples negatively has high accuracy. So, the evaluation criteria of precession, recall, AUC, and AUPRC were considered. Then, the importance of variables in general was examined to determine which features are more important in the risk of T2DM. Finally, personality feature was added, in which individual feature importance was examined. Performing by Shapley Values, the model is tuned for each patient so that it can be used for prognosis of T2DM risk for that patient. In this paper, we have focused and implemented a full pipeline of Data Creation, Data Preprocessing, Handling Imbalanced Data, Deep Learning model, true Evaluation method, Feature Importance and Individual Feature Importance. Through the results, the pipeline demonstrated competence in improving the Diagnosis and Prognosis the risk of T2DM with personalization capability. © 2022 Jafari et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
  6. Keywords:
  7. Accuracy ; Age distribution ; Algorithm ; Area under the curve ; Artificial intelligence ; Body height ; Body mass ; Body weight ; Calculation ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cerebrovascular accident ; Chronic disease ; Heart infarction ; Hip circumference ; Human ; hypertension ; Major clinical study ; Mathematical analysis ; Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus ; Predictive value ; Probability ; Risk assessment ; Risk factor ; Validity ; Waist circumference ; Cohort analysis ; Middle aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Anthropometry ; Cohort Studies ; Deep Learning ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis
  8. Source: PLoS ONE ; Volume 17, Issue 1 January , 2022 ; 19326203 (ISSN)
  9. URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35051240