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Effect of cysteine oxidation in SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain on its interaction with two cell receptors: Insights from atomistic simulations

Ghasemitarei, M ; Sharif University of Technology | 2022

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  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00853
  3. Publisher: American Chemical Society , 2022
  4. Abstract:
  5. Binding of the SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein to cell receptors is vital for the entry of the virus into cells and subsequent infection. ACE2 is the main cell receptor for SARS-CoV-2, which can attach to the C-terminal receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein. The GRP78 receptor plays an anchoring role, which attaches to the RBD and increases the chance of other RBDs binding to ACE2. Although high levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are produced during viral infections, it is not clear how they affect the RBD structure and its binding to ACE2 and GRP78. In this research, we apply molecular dynamics simulations to study the effect of oxidation of the highly reactive cysteine (Cys) amino acids of the RBD on its binding to ACE2 and GRP78. The interaction energy of both ACE2 and GRP78 with the whole RBD, as well as with the RBD main regions, is compared in both the native and oxidized RBDs. Our results show that the interaction energy between the oxidized RBD and ACE2 is strengthened by 155 kJ/mol, increasing the binding of the RBD to ACE2 after oxidation. In addition, the interaction energy between the RBD and GRP78 is slightly increased by 8 kJ/mol after oxidation, but this difference is not significant. Overall, these findings highlight the role of RONS in the binding of the SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein to host cell receptors and suggest an alternative mechanism by which RONS could modulate the entrance of viral particles into the cells. © 2021 American Chemical Society
  6. Keywords:
  7. Amino acids ; Binding energy ; Cell membranes ; Cytology ; Diseases ; Glycoproteins ; Molecular dynamics ; Oxidation ; Amino-acids ; Anchorings ; Atomistic simulations ; Cell receptors ; Domain structure ; Interaction energies ; Reactive cysteine ; Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species ; Receptor-binding domains ; Viral infections ; SARS ; ACE2 protein, human ; Coronavirus spike glycoprotein ; HSPA5 protein, human ; Reactive oxygen metabolite ; Spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Virus receptor ; Chemistry ; Human ; Metabolism ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; COVID-19 ; Cysteine ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP ; Humans ; Reactive nitrogen species ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Receptors, Virus ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
  8. Source: Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling ; Volume 62, Issue 1 , 2022 , Pages 129-141 ; 15499596 (ISSN)
  9. URL: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00853