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Three Dimentional Printing of Highly Porous Metamaterials Based on Polyurethane/Tricalcium Phosphate Composite for Tissue Engineering

Hosseini, Danial | 2023

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 56292 (07)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Materials Science and Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Simchi, AbdolReza; Tavakoli, Rouhollah
  7. Abstract:
  8. In the last decade, mechanical metamaterials have attracted more attention due to new design principles that combine the concept of hierarchical architecture with material size effects at the micro or nano scale. This strategy shows extraordinary mechanical performance that we use in unknown parts of the material property space, including strength-to-density ratios, extraordinary flexibility, and the ability to absorb energy with brittle components. The aim of this research was to print metamaterial scaffolds from a combination of biocompatible and bioactive to be used as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. In addition to the biological properties appropriate to the host tissue, the desired scaffolds should have mechanical properties in the range required for bone spongy tissue. Two important factors for the implants used in this field are the simultaneous support of the scaffold for cell migration and help to create new native tissue and withstand mechanical loads. To increase the speed of cell migration, you can increase the porosity in the structures. On the other hand, the increase in porosity reduces the mechanical properties of the scaffold, including the modulus of elasticity and yield strength. By using the characteristic of mechanical metamaterials, which unlike the normal process does not suddenly reduce the mechanical properties with the increase of porosity, it can be used. In this research, three cubic, cut cubic and diamond structures were designed as metamaterials, and mechanical simulation with Abaqus commercial software was used to predict the mechanical properties of each design in porosities of 90-60%. Designs that have the most mechanical similarity with bone tissue have been selected and printed using a composite resin prepared from a combination of polyurethane and hydrophobic tricalcium phosphate. The results show that the samples with porosity close to 75% are mechanically the most favorable options in all three designs of cube, cut cube and diamond, with modulus of elasticity of 400, 900, 280 MPa and yield strength of 9.11, 20.91 and 02, respectively. They have 14.0 MPa. The uniformity of the ceramic phase distribution in the polymer phase and the dimensional accuracy of the printed samples were investigated by electron and optical microscopes. The degradation rate in one month was 5% and mineralization in human body simulation solution was confirmed by EDS and FTIR analyses. Also, the biological properties of the composite were investigated in the laboratory tests and the results confirm the biocompatibility, biodegradability and induction of native tissue cells to osteogenesis
  9. Keywords:
  10. Mechanical Properties ; Simulation ; Tissue Engineering ; Mechanical Metamaterials ; Three Dimentional Printing ; Bone Scaffold

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