Sharif Digital Repository

In recent years, many efforts have been made in the field of drug delivery with hydrogel nanoparticles. This class of materials has been at the center of attention in medical science due to their improved physical and biological properties including high amount of water preservation, penetration, bio capampatibility and physical structure similar to outside matrices of tissue. Among various applications in medical sciences, drug delivery based on hydrogels is very attractive. Hydrogels can protect drugs from aggressive environmental factors such as pH and thermal changes, and presence of enzymes. The porosity of hydrogels facilitates drug loading into the gel matrix and provides a... 

Sonodynamic therapy has been developed over the last century, now it has become more widely used as a medical tool for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer. This technique involves delivery of sonosensitizing drugs, irradiation of ultrasound waves and motivation of drugs. In this thesis surface modification process with polymer and biocompatible surfactant on TiO2 nanoparticles has been done due to stabilization of TiO2 nanoparticles in neutral pH which is similar to inside-body situation. In the last step, for cancer therapy, doxorubicin as a cancer drug was loaded on TiO2 which was surface modified by PVA. The results revealed the best ratio of (PVA: TiO2), (SDS: TiO2), (SDS:... 

Theranostic liposomes have recently found a broad range of applications in nanomedicine due to stability, the high solubility of biomacromolecules, bioavailability, efficacy, and low adverse effects. However, the limitations of liposomes concerning the short systemic circulation in the body, limited controllability of the release rate, and the inability of in vivo imaging remain challenging. Herein, the development of novel hybrid ultrasound-activated piezoelectric nanoparticles based on a hybrid liposome nanocarrier composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), and Silibinin (a hydrophobic drug) is presented. The hybrid nanoparticles are an... 

New methods of cancer treatment are always the attention of researchers all over the world, among which the photothermal treatment method is of particular importance. In addition to being easy, this treatment method has the least invasiveness. Studies have shown that combining this method with other methods such as chemotherapy not only can be very effective in destroying tumor tissue, but can significantly reduce the side effects of chemotherapy drugs.In order to apply the photothermal treatment method, an effective photothermal agent is needed. Molybdenum disulfide nanosheets have performed successfully in this field, which have been of great interest, due to their high efficiency in... 

Controlled release is a crucial factor in tissue engineering and cancer-therapy applications. The main purpose of current research is to synthesis smart magnetic nanocarriers for hydrophobic drug and embedding them in a fibrous platform for anti-cancer/ tissue engineering applications. In this regard, three different drug delivery systems of magnetic nanocolloid, magnetic fibers and hydrogels were studied. In the first phase, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized and then were modified using oleic acid and thermo-sensitive polymer of pluronic F127/F68. After characterization of this composite, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to model the lower... 

Cancer treatment is one of the most challenging issues of recent years. Extensive researches have been conducted in various fields of medicine, pharmacy, and medical physics in this regard. Today, considering nanotechnology developments, researchers believe that full cancer treatment is possible through the use of nano-systems designed with scientific background to overcome the defects of previous methods. In this research, the main purpose is to design and synthesize multifunctional hybrid nanostructures with favorable optical and magnetic properties providing a way to combine chemotherapy and thermal treatment. Accordingly, two different structures were designed and experimentally... 

Hyperthermia (also called thermal therapy or thermotherapy) is defined as a type of cancer treatment in which body tissue is exposed to high temperatures, to damage and kill cancer cells, or to make cancer cells more sensitive to the effects of radiation and certain anticancer drugs. The temperature increase required by hyperthermia can be achieved via different heat sources, such as electromagnetic radiation waves (radiofrequency or microwave, ultrasound waves and electrical current. These techniques have shown good results, however, the major problem with present conventional methods is reaching homogenous heat distribution and therapeutic temperatures in the deep region of the tumor to be... 

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death around the world according to WHO. Scientists’ tried different approaches for treating this illness and from about 100 years ago one of the leading approaches to treat cancer is radiotherapy. With advancement of technology possibility of using different kinds of radiation for this purpose became available and one of the most interesting ones is high energy charged ions. But using high energy charged ions for treatment planning needs deep understanding of its nature and factors that affects the human body cells response to it. This thesis briefly reviewed the working principles of radiation therapy and then investigated two of the most used... 

The use of protons and charged particles such as carbon in the treatment of cancerous tumors is one of the new methods of external radiation therapy. Proton therapy can achieve almost the same tumor dose coverage as traditional photon therapy with a greatly reduced dose to the normal organ. The radiation deviations caused by the magnetic field are an effective factor in reducing the dose of vital organs without sacrificing the dose coverage of tumors; Therefore, a new method of proton therapy, called magnetic field-modulated proton therapy, has been proposed, in which the Bragg peak positions of proton beams can be modulated under the cover of predesigned magnetic fields inside cancer... 

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men and the fourth most common cancer in all cancers. Cancer treatment is done according to the type of cancer and its diagnosis stage with different treatment methods and plans. Brachytherapy is one of the most common methods of cancer treatment along with teletherapy, surgery and chemotherapy. In this method, the source of radiation is located near or inside the tumor, and its advantage is to achieve a lower dose ratio of healthy tissue to the tumor is lower compared to teletherapy. One of the challenges in brachytherapy is to prescribe the appropriate treatment plan for the patient, so that the maximum dose of sources reaches the... 

The main methods have been used clinically for cancer treatment are included: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and hyperthermia. Hyperthermia (heat therapy) treatment method in which by raising the temperature of the tumor it removed. Magnetic hyperthermia is known as a kind of hyperthermia that have been represent appropriate results. In this study, using iron oxide nanoparticle coated with graphene for cancer treatment under a magnetic field of the laser. In the first stage, graphene oxide nanosheets and nanoparticles Magntayt are synthesized by chemical oxidation and co-precipitation, respectively. At the end, the nanoparticles on the substrate of graphene layer is obtained... 

Despite significant progress in cancer treatment, drug resistance remains a major challenge. Synergistic drug combinations offer a promising approach to overcome drug resistance and reduce side effects. Still, despite high-throughput testing technologies, existing drug combination databases suffer from biases and a lack of diversity in tested cancer cell lines, which challenges the prediction of drug response on novel cell targets. To address this critical need, we designed a two-level deep learning method that uses large-scale gene expression datasets to estimate the score and synergy of drug compounds on a wide variety of cancer cell lines. Our model includes an auto-encoder that train on... 

The highly developed biological data collection methods enable scientists to capture protein-protein interaction (PPI) in the human body, which could be analyzed as biological networks such as protein-protein interaction networks. These networks reveal essential information about the biological process in human cells and can be used to identify genes associated with cancers. Effectively identifying disease-related genes would contribute to improving the treatment and diagnosis of various diseases. Current methods for identifying disease-related genes mainly focus on the hypothesis of guilt-by-association and do not consider the global information in the PPI network. Besides, most methods pay... 

nowadays Acoustic play an important role in the treatment of various diseases, especially cancer. in 2020 cancer has been the cause of death for more than 10 million patients. High intensity focused ultrasound is a non-invasive technique that used successfully to treat Malignant cancers like liver, pancreas and prostate. One of the major problems of using acoustic waves is the absorption of high frequency waves by the tissue before reaching the target area. in this study, a finite element model used to find the relation between frequency and acoustic pressure of transducer and focal region intensity. the results show, the maximum intensity in focal region linearly proportional to frequency... 

Best cancer treatment is the one which reduces the tumor density in minimum time and side effects, considering the input limitations. In this paper, tracking controller and robust controllers are designed to achieve the mentioned objectives, simultaneously. An ODE-based mathematical model of the human body under chemovirotherapy is selected, which includes the uninfected and infected tumor cells, free viruses, immune cells, and a chemotherapeutic drug. For tracking purposes, a servo controller based on the entire eigenstructure assignment (EESA) approach is applied to the model, continuously and discretely. For robust purposes H-infinity and D-K iteration approaches are implemented and... 

Cancer is one of the most critical diseases in the last century. Numerous efforts have been conducted to treat cancer. According to the report of World Health Organization, one death of every six deaths is due to this disease. More than 100 cancer types have been identified. Among these types, CNS tumor is one of the most critical cancer types with high mortality (65.9%). Various methods have been applied to treat this disease, but still, treatment efficiency is low. In this thesis, the effect of ultrasound waves on drug delivery into CNS tumors was evaluated using both experimental and simulation devices. A syringe pump was used to inject the drug solution into tissue-mimicking gels (CED).... 

owning to the side effects and disadvantages of conventional methods of cancers treatments such as chemotherapy, currently, scientists are attempting to find new methods to replace them. Furthermore, many human diseases like SCID and Hemophilia are due to genetic disorders and scientists are also seeking to find permanent treatments instead of available temporary ones for them. in recent years, regarding the obtained achievement, Gene Therapy is being considered as a promising method for both cancers and genetic disorders treatment. But due to low efficiency of this method at this stage, there is an endevour among researchers for a more profound comprehension of the basics of gene therapy to... 

Currently, the HIFU (High Intensity Focused Ultrasound) therapy method is known as one of the most advanced surgical techniques in tumor ablation therapy. Simulation of the HIFU therapy in the case of appearance of bon barrier is essential in HIFU planning to improve the usefulness and efficiency of treatment in brain tumor cases. In this work, linear, thermoviscous equations are applied for simulation of phase correction array and steering method, after analysis of performance, these methods are used in a 3D human brain and skull model to estimate thermal ablation in case of using these methods. Results indicate that the maximum focal pressure of 1.42 and 1.65 MPa can be achieved for... 

Nowadays cancer has become one of the main and prevailing worldwide challenges in medical field, and many attempts have been made for treatment of this disease. The common methods for cancer treatment, have had significant side effects and even resulted death. The method of “High Intensity Focused Ultrasound” (HIFU) as a non-invasive method, has been welcomed by engineers and doctors and is using in some tumor based cancers. For predicting the level of temperature increasing in tissue, it’s necessary to model the ultrasound waves propagates from HIFU source precisely. The main object of this thesis is modeling and simulation of the behavior of ultrasound wave propagation and investigating... 

Recent drug delivery strategies have attempted to maximize the concentration of chemotherapeutic molecules into the tumors, while minimizing their systemic distribution. Doxorubicin has been widely used for a variety of cancers, successfully producing regression in acute leukaemia, lymphomas, soft-tissue and osteogenic sarcomas, paediatric malignancies and adult solid tumours, in particular breast and lung carcinomas. Common adverse effects of doxorubicin include hair loss, myelosuppression, nausea and vomiting, oral mucositis, oesophagitis, diarrhoea, skin reactions and serious reactions include hypersensitivity reactions, radiation recall, heart damage and liver dysfunction. Chitosan has...