Sharif Digital Repository

In this thesis the conversion of methane into higher hydrocarbures using pulsed nanosecond lasers has been studied. The lasers of 532 nm of second harmonic of Nd: YAG, 355 nm of 3rd harmonic of Nd: YAG and 248 nm of KrF have been used in this project. Acetylene, ethylen and ethane have been detected using gas chromatography detection system, which showed acetylene as a dominant product. For each wavelength the amount of the laser energy and the fraction of secondary products have been measured. Also the dependence of amount of produced components on chamber pressure has been studied for 355 nm laser. During the irradiation time of methane no considerable changes in temperature and pressure... 

In this study equilibrium condition of pure hydrogen hydrates is determined with Lee-Holder model. Two hydrogen molecules and four hydrogen molecules encaged in the small and large cavities respectively. Langmuir constant of hydrogen is calculated with the Exp-6 potential. Lee et al. reported parameter of this model by integrating ab initio calculation with classical statistical thermodynamics. This model reasonably predicts dissociation pressures of hydrogen hydrates.Calculated reference parameters are used in modeling of binary hydrogen hydrates. Lattice distortion model is used for modeling of binary hydrogen hydrates with tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a promoter. Cavity radius and parameters... 

In this study two approaches were applied to predict the hydrate dissociation pressure of natural gas in the presence of aqueous water. One approach applied van der Waals and Platteeuw solid solution theory & PR EOS the other applied a feed forward multi layers artificial neural network (ANN) with 19 input variables (temperature, existence of hydrocarbon liquid and ice phase, gas phase composition, inhibitor composition in aqueous phase), and one hidden layer with 17 neurons. In comparison of both methods it was concluded that, in temperature above 12℃ , ANN is more accurate than thermodynamic model, but in lower temperature thermodynamic model is comparable with ANN. The trained network... 

Using field assisted dissociation model and with a classic view the dissociation probability is calculated when it a molecule is exposed with a Ti:sapphire laser with wavenumber of 800nm and the energy of . using gradient optimization method we find a tailored two rectangular laser pulse for controlling the dissociation of C-H bond of . Using classical method reduced the complicacy of solving schrodinger equation. In our optimization method in contrast with the usual controlling method experimental data is not needed and this reduced the controlling costs.

 

It is believed that intramolecular hydrogen bonding and also conjugation can affect the acidity power of organic molecules. But simultaneous effects of intramolecular hydrogen bonding and conjugation have not investigated systematically yet. In this project, we choose Ascorbic acid as a basic structure. Then we have changed its structure conveniently, and have explored the roles of hydrogen bonding and conjugation on the acidity of this molecule by using B3LYP functional with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. After that we similarly investigate these effects on the acidity of three different systems, including enols, enamines and alcohols. In this project we probe the effect of different hydrogen... 

In this project , the dissociation of methane in the presence of Ti:Sapphire laser with parameters of 1014wcm-2, 800nm wave lengths and 100fs pulse width have been investigated theoretically, by using the Gaussian03 package –computational chemistry program that is capable of predicting many properties of atomic and molecular systems. It is based upon the fundamental laws of quantum mechanism. By considering some limitations in approximate techniques and incapability of advancing them, numerical calculation of solving the time dependent Schrödinger equation in order to improve the results and find more quantum dynamic information is applied. Therefore at first, by Gaussian03 package some of... 

In this project, the ionization and dissociation of methane molecule by intense femto-second lasers has been studied. Dissociation probability is calculated for interacting CH4 molecule under Ti: Sapphire laser pulse with pulse durations of 10- 40fs in intensities at the range of 1014-1016 Wcm-2. Calculations are carried out with time-dependent density functional theory using Gaussian03 and Octopus packages as powerful computational chemical physics programs. Due to importance of the dependence of interaction dynamics to laser parameters, the effect of these parameters including different intensities, polarization, various pulse durations and pulse envelopes are investigated. The optimal...