Sharif Digital Repository

A two-stage thermocatalytic upgrading process using a novel catalyst was investigated to produce light olefins and liquid fuels from fuel oil. The upgraded oil from the first thermal stage demonstrated lower viscosity and higher crackability compared to the virgin feedstock. In the next step, the vapor-phase catalytic cracking of the upgraded fraction was implemented over a novel nanoporous composite catalyst, characterized by the XRD, FTIR, NH3- TPD, and N2 physisorption techniques. In total, more than 55 wt% of light olefins, particularly propylene (25.5 wt%) together with 25.4 wt% and 32.5 wt% of gasoline and diesel fuel were obtained in this process. © 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis... 

Refineries are amongst the most energy-intensive and polluting industries in the world. Biotechnology may serve as an alternative low-cost and environmental-friendly tool to the current costly, toxic and hazardous refining processes. In this study, the compositional redistribution of a heavy hydrocarbon cut is investigated under biological conversion using native microbial consortia. The native consortia were obtained by batch enrichment method applied on oil-polluted soil samples from oil refineries of Iran. The bioconversion experiments were conducted with 20% and 40% (v/v) of the heavy cut as the sole carbon source and 10% (v/v) of the consortia broth in 250 ml flasks containing a mineral... 

The main focus of this paper is to find an upgrade plan for a microgrid. This plan includes system lines' upgrades, the place, and size of the new capacitors and DERs. As usual, the planning process is begun with the load forecasting. The main objectives include minimization of system upgrade cost, loss cost, loss cost in peak load, and finally demand cost. The last objective is realized here using the tap changer of the main station transformer and reactive power support of the sources available or planned for the future of the grid. This is always referred to as the conservation of voltage reduction. In order to consider the effects of bus voltages on the system demand, the ZIP model for... 

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment is operating at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with proton-proton collisions at 13-TeV center-of-mass energy and at a bunch spacing of 25 ns. Challenging running conditions for CMS are expected after the High-Luminosity upgrade of the LHC (HL-LHC). We review the CMS ECAL crystal calorimeter upgrade and present results from the first test beam studies. Particular challenges at HL-LHC are the harsh radiation environment, the increasing data rates, and the extreme level of pile-up events, with up to 200 simultaneous proton-proton collisions. Precision timing can be exploited to reduce the effect of the pileup. We report on the timing resolution... 

Vacuum residue cracking has been successfully conducted under supercritical water condition in presence of various metal oxide nanocalysts, namely NiO, CuO, ZnO, Co2O3, and Cr2O3 synthesized at supercritical water. The cracking experiments were carried out at 450 °C. Three species of cracking: maltene, asphaltene, and coke were then weighed and their corresponding speciation was defined. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and elemental analysis (CHNS) tests were utilized to prove the performance of upgrading reactions. It was revealed that NiO showed the best performance among other catalyst, in which... 

Onsite partial upgrading is a promising strategy for facilitating pipeline transportation of bitumen without the use of diluent. In the present work, a one-step treatment using an autoclave is optimized toward upgrading Alberta bitumen of 9.6 API gravity and 925,000 cP viscosity. The thermal cracking process was kept simple in order to maintain an economic and environmental advantage. Optimum conditions entailed 75 min of reaction time at 420 °C, without quenching the reactor. These conditions corresponded to highest centrifuged oil product yield of 73.3 ± 1.1 wt%, viscosity of 34 ± 2 cP and API gravity of 18.9 ± 0.5. H-NMR, CHNS and FTIR measurements revealed thermally cracked asphaltenes... 

A reliability improvement program (such as an upgrade action) can be seen as an investment by a dealer to restore a second-hand product to a better operational state. Due to the nature of the actions performed, the item's reliability at the end of this program is usually uncertain. This article develops a stochastic cost-benefit model for investment made in reliability improvement programs for second-hand items sold with failure-free warranty. Depending on the product's lifetime modeling approach, two modifications of the model are considered and are solved for the optimal improvement level. A real case application of the model is presented to validate the proposed approach