Sharif Digital Repository

The presented work provides a calculus for refining an object oriented formal specification to an object oriented code. A refinement calculus provides a framework to produce executable code from a specification while preserving its correctness. Eiffel Refinement Calculus is the most complete work in this domain which is studied in this research.
The Formal specification language which is considered for this purpose is .JML to specify executable code in .Java language. For this calculus some refinement laws are pre- sented and their proofs is given by weakest precondition predicate transformer, a work which was not considered in Eiffel Refinement Calculus. The constructs which are used in... 

Nowadays, apatite mineral is one of the most sought for the recovery of rare earth elements. This mineral is also the main source of phosphoric acid production. To achieve this end, apatite has to react with sulfuric acid to give phosphoric acid. This process is called the wet process. During the wet process, more rare elements enter the remaining solids called phosphogypsum (PG). For the dissolution of rare elements, PG, which is the same as chalk, can be leach with an acidic solution. In this project, the phosphate concentrate from Chadormalu iron ore waste after characteristics diagnosis is digested in concentrated sulfuric acid at temperatures below 100 ° C, and then hydration is... 

Telework is an adaptable method for working which covers an extensive variety of work exercises in circulated associations comprised of people with robots and independent frameworks. From the levels of Nano and micro frameworks and gadgets the distance to the level of worldwide undertaking systems, beneficial work is reshaped by E-Work or Telework or Telecommute. The current work stresses on the part of learning administration as an empowering influence of E-Working standard. The four primary circles of information in e-Work related are: ‘‘e-Work”, ‘‘Integration , Coordination and Collaboration”, ‘‘Distributed Decision Support” and ‘‘Active Middleware”. Cloud computing can be distinguished... 

Intelligent design theory is based on this idea that Darwinian theory of evolution can not explain Irreducibly complexities in organisms. Intelligent design theory in explaining these complexities conclude the existence of an intelligent designer. It is claimed that by remaining officially agnostic about the nature of the designer, intelligent design theory can be offered as a scientific claim, rather than a religious one, which could make it a viable alternative to Darwinism. In this thesis we study sober's point of view on intelligent design. Sober believes that, initially, we shoud present the strongest formulation of intelligent design theory and then evaluating whether this theory is a... 

Morphing has traditionally been referred to geometric changes made to an aircraft parts and components to enhance its performance or stability. Though, the morphing concept has today developed to a broader scale and covers more than pure configuration or geometric changes. Due to importance and increasing role of HALE aircrafts in reconnaissance missions, their morphing has been recently focused by researchers. Of course, aside from its potential benefits, utility of morphing technology will increase aircraft system complexities and weight that need to be studied and compromised in design process. The present work studies optimal morphing of a HALE UAV by simultaneous analysis of... 

Nowadays, NGOs have a special roll in solving social problems in the world. In regards to the developing state of these organizations in Iran, the need of adopting a systematic approach in managing these organizations, is bold. Renewing of the old methods of work in these organizations, is an aid to removing the barriers of development faced by these organizations.
In this regard, this thesis subjects the reengineering of business processes of Rayehe Charity Foundation which is an NGO dealing with empowerment of households women.
After studding the literature of reengineering, the thesis continues on introducing the organization and its activities in more detail. It categorizes... 

A tsunami is a series of tides most commonly caused by the deformation of the sea floor during a submarine earthquake. They are extremely long waves with the distance between successive peaks or troughs on the order of 10’s to 100’s of miles. They are also generated by landslides, volcanic eruptions or more rarely by asteroid impact. These causes change in location on the surface of the water which in turn creates numerous waves that spread out from the zone of turbulence. Few current design codes for coastal structures include tsunami. Even those that do, the bases for taking the hydrodynamic loads into the design are often grossly simplified and may be overly conservation and/or... 

The Endurance Time Method is reprehensively new and comprehensive method for analyzing and designing the structure quality in based on performance that is related on time history analysis for investigating structure systems under dynamical instigation in result of earthquake. In this evaluation the index comparison in based on endurance time against of applied acceleration function. The result of the structure will plot against time, until the structure will achieve to a special amount of damage. The high endurance time means high performance. While the damage index will maintain less than allowable limit until endurance time, the structure will be approvable.In this project the ability of... 

Discrete network design problem is selecting a set of feasible projects among a set of candidate projects, considering a budget constraint in which user's cost is being minimized. Network design problem is one of the complicated problems in transportation science, since it is a bi-level problem in which the lower level is a traffic assignment problem and the upper level is finding the best set of arcs. Meta-heuristic algorithms can be used to solve this problem. Although, there is no guarantee to find the optimal solution by Meta-heuristic algorithms, but they find good solutions in short times. The purpose of this study is comparing the efficiency of three Meta-heuristic algorithms for... 

Coupling beams have had a widespread application as performance enhancing devices within concrete structures and more recently, also in steel structures. However, the conventional coupling beams are not so efficient in coupling distant walls. In this paper, a novel form of coupling members, namely, Coupling Panels is proposed and then, the application for a nine-storey building is investigated. Coupling panels are steel plate shear walls which are exerted in the intermediate spans between adjacent shear walls, and act as a mega coupling beam. First, a verified finite element model is constructed to demonstrate coupling panel behavior along with its global structural mechanism. Subsequently,... 

Conventional lateral resisting systems can provide sufficient strength and ductility for design based earthquakes, although the considerable residual deformation remaining in the plasticized regions undermines the resiliency of the structures. In order to resolve this problem, various self-centering systems have been proposed and tested in recent years, most of which are specified for new buildings and are not simply suitable for retrofitting applications. Moreover, the available self-centering systems are costly and complex to assemble, which can be considered as a serious barrier for practical application. To address these drawbacks, an innovative core-less self-centering (CLSC) brace is... 

This project tries to select the inputs which really affect the change in the direction of S&P500. For this purpose, design of experiments and analysis of variance are used. T tests are carried out to calculate the statistical significance of mean differences. Experiment results indicate that the designed neural networks with the selected inputs significantly outperform the traditional logit model with respect of the number of correct predictions. Moreover, real trades are simulated using the neural network predictions in the test period and the results show that using the designed neural network can significantly increase the income.

 

Wax deposition is one of the main problems in the oil industry. The formation of wax deposition causes problems such as reducing the effective tube radius, increasing pressure, reducing the flow capacity and etc. Even crude oil waxes can block the pipeline due to deposition of wax during crude oil production and transportation operations. If wax deposition is well predicted and effective parameters are well known and studied, they can be useful in reducing the deposition of wax, and consequently its problems and wax deposition costs will be significantly reduced. In this research, wax deposition has been investigated in Underbalanced drilling by OLGA software. In the first part, by... 

As nuclear energy continues to be used as a useful energy resource, waste management, especially management of high-level nuclear waste (HLW), will always be a major concern, as the future generations should not be deprived of the valuable benefits of this energy. Vitrification of liquid high-level radioactive waste (HLW) has received greater attention, worldwide, than any other high-level waste solidification process. The high solubility of HLW in borosilicate glass, the controllable temperature of this type of glass and its low leaching rate in repository environment, have introduced borosilicate glass as a suitable host for HLW immobilization. In this project, the immobilization of the... 

This thesis discusses design and, simulation procedure of a mono-injector combustion chamber, in order to study and, analyze the ignition and, stable combustion characteristics, for Kerosene and, liquid Oxygen cryogenic propellants. Accordingly, the design and, simulation for the combustion chamber, for Kerosene and, liquid Oxygen propellants is performed. Also, effective parameters on the flame taking place are studied, and finally an algorithm for design and, properties study of cryogenic propellant ignition is presented  

process design and decision-making about it are challenging activities that involve optimizing conflicting goals such as cost, technical feasibility, and environmental impacts. These conflicting goals can be analyzed by considering the complete life cycle of a process or product in the initial design and decision-making. Life cycle analysis follows the environmental effects throughout the life cycle of a product, including extraction, transportation, production, consumption, and disposal. Life cycle assessment includes four fundamental stages: goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, life cycle impact assessment, and interpretation of results. The aim of this project is to investigate... 

In this research work, the concept of an unmanned aerial firefighting system with water thrusters has been studied. This system consists of a platform head, a waterhose and a ground pump. The concept is briefly to pump water through the hose and then fall it down on fire from the platform. This conceptual system may have many other applications. The other applications have also been addressed in the introduction section. This platform can be considered as an unmanned aerial vehicle whose lift and control forces is provided by water thrusters. The conceptual study has been carried out based on three subjects of preliminary sizing, system dynamic modeling and controller design for platform... 

Fiber reinforced elastomeric Isolator (FREI) is a relatively new kind of elastomeric bearings. Despite the conventionally elastomeric isolators that are reinforced by steel plates which are assumed to be rigid, in this kind of bearings the steel shims are substituted with flexible fiber layers. As expected, FREIs bring less cost and weight and also easier manufacturing and installation processes. Recent researches have verified the suitability of the performance of this kind of bearings. The important design properties of a seismic isolator include the effective horizontal stiffness, the effective vertical stiffness and the damping ratio of such system. The purpose this research was to... 

Increasing fossil fuel consumption has led to serious problems in energy supply and environmental issues such as global warming, air pollution, ozone depletion, and security issues. A strategy to improve energy consumption requires recycling wasted energy and preventing it from being released into the environment. A wide range of available heat sources such as heat dissipation in the transportation industry, solar heat, biomass and geothermal have low-temperature, which contain large amounts of energy but they do not have enough temperature to make them economically viable and cost-effective. Several applied technologies have been proposed to utilize these resources, among which the organic... 

Nowadays bioethanol is one of the main factors in the fuel market. It is currently produced from sugars and starchy materials, but lignocelluloses can be expected to be major feedstocks for ethanol production in the future. Agricultural residues such as wheat straw are being considered a potential lignocellulose raw material for fuel-ethanol production as an alternative to starch or sugar-containing feedstock. In order to produce bioethanol, it is necessary to decompose the wheat straw into soluble sugars. But lignocellulosic materias needs pretreatment before hydrolysis and fermentation. The main goal of pretreatment is to increase the enzyme accessibility improving digestibility of...