Sharif Digital Repository

Cancer has long been a leading cause of death. The primary tumor, however, is not the main cause of death in more than 90% of cases. It is the complex process of metastasis that makes cancer deadly. The invasion metastasis cascade is the multi-step biological process of cancer cell dissemination to distant organ sites and adaptation to the new microenvironment site. Unraveling the metastasis process can provide great insight into cancer death prevention or even treatment. Microfluidics is a promising platform, that provides a wide range of applications in metastasis-related investigations. Cell culture microfluidic technologies for in vitro modeling of cancer tissues with fluid flow and the... 

Objective: This study analyzes the effects of lifestyle, nutrition, and diets on the status and risks of apparent (symptomatic) COVID-19 infection in Iranian families. Materials and Methods: A relatively extensive questionnaire survey was conducted on more than 20,000 Iranian families (residing in more than 1000 different urban and rural areas in the Islamic Republic of Iran) to collect the big data of COVID-19 and develop a lifestyle dataset. The collected big data included the records of lifestyle effects (e.g. nutrition, water consumption resources, physical exercise, smoking, age, gender, health and disease factors, etc.) on the status of COVID-19 infection in families (i.e. residents of... 

In this case–control study, class І and ІІ human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles in Iranian patients with benign and severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADRs) due to aromatic anticonvulsants and antibiotics were evaluated. Patients diagnosed with CADRs (based on clinical and laboratory findings) with a Naranjo score of ≥ 4 underwent blood sampling and HLA-DNA typing. The control group comprised 90 healthy Iranian adults. Alleles with a frequency of more than two were reported. Deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were not observed. Eighty patients with CADRs including 54 females and 26 males with a mean age of 41.49 ± 16.08 years were enrolled in this study. The culprit drugs... 

Gene therapy has emerged as a promising tool for treating different intractable diseases, particularly cancer or even viral diseases such as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). In this context, various non-viral gene carriers are being explored to transfer DNA or RNA sequences into target cells. Here, we review the applications of the naturally occurring amino acid histidine in the delivery of nucleic acids into cells. The biocompatibility of histidine-enhanced gene delivery systems has encouraged their wider use in gene therapy. Histidine-based gene carriers can involve the modification of peptides, dendrimers, lipids or nanocomposites. Several linear polymers, such as polyethylenimine,... 

Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (MRSA) are serious hazards of bone implants. The present study was aimed to use the potential synergistic effects of Melittin and tetracycline to prevent MRSA associated bone implant infection. Chitosan/bioactive glass nanoparticles/tetracycline composite coatings were deposited on hydrothermally etched titanium substrate. Melittin was then coated on composite coatings by drop casting method. The surfaces were analyzed by FTIR, XRD, and SEM instruments. Tetracycline in coatings revealed multifunctional behaviors include bone regeneration and antibacterial activity. Releasing ALP enzyme from MC3T3 cells increased by tetracycline, so it is... 

Introduction: B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1) encoded by the positive regulatory domain 1 gene (PRDM1), is a key regulator in T cell differentiation in mouse models. BLIMP1-deficiency results in a lower effector phenotype and a higher memory phenotype. Methods: In this study, we aimed to determine the role of transcription factor BLIMP1 in human T cell differentiation. Specifically, we investigated the role of BLIMP1 in memory differentiation and exhaustion of human T cells. We used CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) to knock-down BLIMP1 and investigated the differential expressions of T cell memory and exhaustion markers in BLIMP1-deficient T cells in comparison with... 

BACKGROUND: HLA genotyping is a prerequisite for selection of suitable donors in the process of bone marrow transplantation. METHODS: In the current study, the frequencies of HLA-A, -B, -C and -DRB1 alleles and A-B-C-DRB1 haplotypes were assessed in 855 healthy Iranian persons using a low-resolution sequence specific primer (SSP) kit. RESULTS: Frequencies were compared between 11 subpopulations including Armani, Balouch, Bandari, Turk, Turkaman, Arab, Fars, Kurd, Gilaki, Lor and Mazani. In total, 17 HLA-A alleles were detected, one of which (HLA-A*74) was present only among Lors. HLA-A*23 and -A*26 were the most frequent HLA-A alleles among Armanis. HLA-A*23 was also common among Turkamans.... 

Background: Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene. A-T patients manifest considerable variability in clinical and immunological features, suggesting the presence of genetic modifying factors. A striking heterogeneity has been observed in class switching recombination (CSR) in A-T patients which cannot be explained by the severity of ATM mutations. Methods: To investigate the cause of variable CSR in A-T patients, we applied whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 20 A-T patients consisting of 10 cases with CSR defect (CSR-D) and 10 controls with normal CSR (CSR-N). Comparative analyses on modifier... 

Viral diseases have long been among the biggest challenges for healthcare systems around the world. The recent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an example of how complicated the situation can get if we are not prepared to combat a viral outbreak in time, which brings up the need for quick and affordable biosensing platforms and vast knowledge of potential antiviral effects and drug/gene delivery opportunities. The same challenges have also existed for nonviral immunogenic disorders. Nanomedicine is considered a novel candidate for effectively overcoming these worldwide challenges. Among the versatile nanomaterials commonly used in biomedical applications, graphene has recently... 

The current study describes design and synthesis of silica-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles containing Ponceau 4R food colorant (named as ZnO@SiO2@APTMS/P4R). The interactions of Ponceau 4R and ZnO@SiO2@APTMS/P4R with calf thymus-DNA were investigated It should be noted that the competitive binding experiment revealed that both Ponceau 4R and ZnO@SiO2@APTMS/P4R could release Hoechst 33258. As inferred from the results the binding of the Ponceau 4R and ZnO@SiO2@APTMS/P4R with DNA were surface binding, mainly due to groove binding. Furthermore, antibacterial properties of ZnO, Ponceau 4R and ZnO@SiO2@APTMS/P4R samples against gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria were examined and...