Sharif Digital Repository

In the recent years, sensors and biosensors attracts much attentions as a suitable devices in analytical chemistry. In this meantime carbon nanostructures and metal nanoparticles act as a good choice owing to their unique properties such as high electrical conductivity andmechanical and chemical stability in modification of the surface of sensors and biosensors. Because of importance of analysis the trace amounts of pharmaceutical and biological compounds, in this studies the surface of glassy carbon electrode was modified with some carbon nanostructures and metal nanoparticles for electrochemical investigation and determination of pharmaceutical and clinical compounds.In the first work, a... 

One of the remarkable subject in advanced electrochemistry is, design and architecting new advanced materials with new electrochemical capabilities. One of the notable capabilities is electrocatalysis. Extensive researches are carrying out into the design and preparation of electrocatalyst materials to take advantage of these materials in fabrication of electrochemical sensors and storage/conversion devices. In this field nonoporous materials attracted a lot of attentions due to their unique features. In order to make use of the nanoporous materials as the electrocatalysts, these materials must be fabricated into continuous supported thin films on the electrode surface, which is the... 

In the first part of thesis, the electropolymerization of pyrrole was performed in the presence of new coccine (NC) as a dopant anion on the surface of the electrode precoated with SWCNT. The modified electrode was used to study the voltammetric response of salbutamol (SAL). The results showed a remarkable increase in the anodic peak current of SAL in comparison to the bare GCE. The surface morphology PPY/CNT/GCE was thoroughly characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. Under the optimized analysis conditions, the modified electrode showed two linear dynamic ranges of 0.02 – 0.1 μM and 0.1-10 μM with a detection limit of 6 nM for the... 

In the first work, a novel voltammetric biosensor basedon TiO2-nafion-carbon nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode (TiO2/N/CNP/GCE) was developed for the determination of DBA. The electrochemical performance of the modified electrode was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV), different pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Characterization of the surface morphology and properties of TiO2/N/CNP was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Effective experimental variables, such as scan rate, pH of the supporting electrolyte, drop size of the cast modifier suspension and accumulation... 

Nowadays, electrochemical sensors have numerous benefits, including simplicity,low cost, high selectivity and high sensitivity as an efficient and useful tool in various fields such as the environment, disease diagnostics, medical and medical surveillance, and Anti-terrorism security systems have become the focus of attention in the field of analytical measurements. In the meantime, carbon nanostructures and metal nanoparticles have been considered as suitable alternatives in order to improve their surface properties due to their unique electronic properties and mechanical and chemical stability. Since the determination of trace amounts of pharmaceutical and biological compounds is very... 

In the first work, the method of direct growth was used to grew MOFs based on cobalt, as electroactive centers, for preparing electrochemical sensors for the determination of glucose. In comparison to most of the electrochemical sensing platforms based on MOFs for determining glucose, which suffer from some disadvantages like time-consuming synthesis procedures and using hazardous organic solvents, the proposed in situ growth method is much faster and no need to toxic organic solvents. Herein, cobalt-based MOFs were grown on the surface of the reduced graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode by the direct and rapid conversion of cobalt hydroxide nanosheets intermediates. The... 

In the present study, the method of direct growth was used to grew bi-metalic MOFs based on cobalt and zinc, as electroactive centers, for preparing electrochemical sensors for the determination of glucose. In comparison to most of the electrochemical sensing platforms based on MOFs for determining glucose, which suffer from some disadvantages like time-consuming synthesis procedures and using hazardous organic solvents, the proposed in-situ growth method is much faster and without any need to toxic organic solvents. Herein, cobalt and zinc-based MOFs were grown on the surface of glassy carbon electrode by the direct and rapid conversion of layered double hydroxide nanosheets intermediates.... 

A novel amperometric non-enzymatic glucose (NEG) sensor is designed by a facile preparation method. It is made by electrodeposition of Cu clusters and converting them to Cu(OH)2 nanotubes (Cu(OH)2NTs) arrays along with thin-film electro-polymerized of spindle-shaped polypyrrole (PPy@Cu(OH)2NTs), which have been doped by using sodium Benzene-1,3- disulfonate as an anion dopant. The electrochemical performance of the modified electrode toward glucose detection is investigated by various electrochemical methods. Under the optimized conditions, a significant electrochemical response improvement is observed toward the electro-oxidation of glucose on the surface of PPy@Cu(OH)2NTs electrode... 

In this study, transition metal sulfide, with a high accessible surface and abundant electroactive centers, was used as an electrocatalyst to fabrication an electrochemical sensor of hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide. the direct growth of thin film of nanocomposite can be considered as an efficient method to modify the electrode surface, and the application of these modified electrodes as electrochemical sensors. the cobalt iron sulfide (CoFeS) nanosheets were directly grown on Cu2O nanospheres in order to design hierarchical nanocomposite by using efficient, inexpensive and fast method. Here, Cu2O nanospheres not only served as substrate, but also steer the CoFeS to attach on nanospheres... 

In this study, transition metal phosphide, with a high accessible surface and abundant electroactive centers, was used as an electrocatalyst to fabrication an electrochemical sensor of Gloucose. The direct growth of thin film of nanocomposite can be considered as an efficient method to modify the electrode surface, and the application of these modified electrodes as electrochemical sensors. nanocomposite of transition metal phosphide (CuCoP) were directly grown on Cu(OH)2 nanotubes (as-prepared on GCE) in order to design hierarchical core-shell nanostructure with using efficient, inexpensive and fast method. Here, Cu(OH)2 nanotubes not only served as substrate, but also steer the CuCoP to... 

In the first part, a novel electrochemical sensor for clonazepam (CLNP) was fabricated based on immobilizing cellulose nanofibers /carbon nanoparticles (CNFs/CNPs) nanocomposite on glassy carbon electrode (CNFs/CNPs/GCE). The combination of CNFs and CNPs produced a novel kind of structurally uniform and electro-analytically active nanocomposite. The surface morphology of CNFs/CNPs layer deposited onto glassy carbon electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results of the voltammetric investigations showed a considerable enhancement in the cathodic peak current of CLNP (up to 60 times) on the surface of CNFs/CNPs/GCE relative to the bare GCE. Under the optimal... 

In the present work, nanocomposites consisting of nickel oxide nanostructures and a hollow carbon substrate were used to modify a glassy carbon electrode's surface for the electrooxidation of hydrazine hydrate. For this purpose, hollow carbon nanospheres were first synthesized using aniline and pyrrole copolymerization process without any template needing. The hollow carbon nanospheres prepared by this method have outstanding features such as high specific surface area and good stability. On the other hand, they did not require toxic and environmentally harmful solvents to remove the template. In this study, after preparing hollow carbon nanospheres as a suitable substrate, different...