Sharif Digital Repository

The numerical solution of the fluid flow governing equations requires the implementation of certain boundary conditions at suitable places to make the problem well-posed. Most of numerical strategies exhibit weak performance and obtain inaccurate solutions if the solution domain boundaries are not placed at adequate locations. Unfortunately, many practical fluid flow problems pose difficulty at their boundaries because the required information for solving the PDE's is not available there. On the other hand, large solution domains with known boundary conditions normally need a higher number of mesh nodes, which can increase the computational cost. Such difficulties have motivated the CFD... 

This study investigated the removal of triethylamine using a biotrickling filter. The influence of affecting parameters, such as height and recirculation liquid rate (VL) on contaminant removal efficiency, was examined in detail. The results demonstrated that in the constant empty bed residence time (EBRT), when VL was increased, the removal efficiency (RE) increased. Also, for a specific VL, increasing EBRT could also increase RE values. However, it seems that an increasing VL is a more cost-effective way to enhance RE as compared to an increasing EBRT. The obtained outcomes represented that for a constant EBRT, an increase in inlet loading (IL) could decrease RE. For lower ILs, the removal... 

Various methods are used in thermal power plants to adjust the superheated or reheated steam temperature to a pre-determined set point, including flue gas recirculation, using tilting burners and spray of water from discharge of feed water pump, etc. In this paper, an innovative method is presented to control the reheater temperature by tapping water from an interstage of the feed water pump to control reheater temperature at the Bisotoun Power Plant (a steam cycle based power plant in the western Iran). The spray water for the superheaters is secured from the discharge of feed water pump, but interstage water, instead of gas recirculation or using tilting burner, is used to control the... 

Circulation is created in some parts of settling tanks. It can increase the mixing level, decrease the effective settling, and create a short circuiting from the inlet to the outlet. All above-mentioned phenomena act in such a way to decrease the tank's hydraulic efficiency, which quantitatively shows how flow within the tank is uniform and quiet. So, the main objective of the tank design process is to avoid forming the circulation zone, which is known as the dead zone. Prediction of the flow field and size of the recirculation zone is the first step in the design of settling tanks. In the present paper, the non-linear k - ε turbulence model is used for predicting the length of the... 

Production logging is used to evaluate wells production performance. Interpretation of production log data provides velocity profile and contribution of each zone on total production. In multi-phase flow conditions, production log interpretation can be challenging since producing fluids do not have similar densities and travel with different speed depending on fluids properties and wellbore deviation. Production log interpretation in multi-phase producing wells requires identifying downhole flow regimes and determining velocity profile for each phase. There are different flow regimes and velocity models available, which are being used in production log interpretation to determine wells flow... 

This paper has developed an axisymmetric laminar and turbulent two-phase flow solver to simulate pressure-swirl atomizers. Equations include the explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model, the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes, and the level set equation. Applying a high-order compact upwind finite difference scheme with the level set equation being culminated to capture the interface between air-liquid two-phase flow and decreasing the mass conservation error in the level set equation. The results show that some recirculation zones are observed close to the wall in the swirl chamber and to the axis. This model can predict converting the Rankin vortex in the swirl chamber to the forced vortex in... 

Ignition process in a premixed methane-air swirl configuration is studied using a large eddy simulation method with Smagorinsky sub-grid scale model. A developed thickened flame combustion approach with two-step methane-air mechanism is used. Non-reacting mean and RMS axial, tangential and radial velocity profiles are validated against the experimental results. It is shown that the flow field consists of four zones: Inner Recirculation Zone, Inner Shear Layer, Outer Shear Layer and Corner Recirculation Zone. The mean and RMS of velocities and temperature in reacting flow are then validated against the experimental data. Large eddy simulation is used to investigate the ignition sequence by... 

A numerical study has been performed to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of fluid flow through heat exchanger tubes fitted with perforated conical rings. The holes are circular, and the number of holes N is ranged from 0 to 10. The influences of perforated conical ring diameter ratios D2/D1=0.4,0.5and0.6 and the hole diameter ratios d/D=0.06,0.1and0.14 on average Nusselt number, friction factor and thermal performance factor are reported. This analysis is performed in the turbulent flow regime 4000⩽Re⩽14,000 and the governing equations are solved by using (RNG) k-∊ model. Due to strong turbulent intensity, perforated conical rings lead to more flow perturbation and... 

In this study, simultaneous particle image velocimetry and planar laser induced fluorescence of hydroxyl radical, chemiluminescence imaging, and hot-wire measurements are utilized to study reacting low swirl flow dynamics under low to high amplitude acoustic excitations. Results show that a temporal weak recirculation zone exists downstream of the flame, which is enlarged in size under acoustic excitations. Investigations show that temporal behaviors of this recirculation zone play a significant role in flame movements and instabilities. As the acoustic wave amplitude increases, the flame lift-off distance changes drastically, resulting in flame instabilities (flashback and blowout) during... 

Low swirl flame characteristics under external flow excitations are numerically investigated using large eddy simulations with a dynamically thickened flame combustion model. A finite volume scheme on a Cartesian grid with a dynamic one equation eddy viscosity subgrid scale model is used for large eddy simulations. The excitations are imposed on inlet velocity profiles by a sinusoidal forcing function over a wide range of amplitudes and frequencies. Present investigation shows that although, the swirling motion of the low swirl flame is not intense enough to induce a recirculation zone in ensemble averaged results, external flow excitations increase the local swirl number upstream of the... 

Numerical simulation of a dual-swirl gas turbine model combustor is performed under cold and reacting flow conditions using a three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes approach. A multi-species chemical mechanism is used in this study for the analysis of the numerous radicals participating in the ignition process and the flame structure. The other objective of this study is to investigate the flow field under different injector configurations, including both co-rotating and counter-rotating swirler arrangements, different swirl intensities, and vane areas. A comparison of the results with experimental data shows that the predicted velocity and temperature profiles follow the... 

Prolonged and uncontrolled high shear stresses and turbulence can cause hemolysis, while alternating and low-level stresses may contribute to platelet activation and thrombus formation. Such deficiencies are reported for Total Artificial Heart (TAH) systems which are generally not fully capable of dynamic adaptation to sudden pressure and volume changes. This study introduces an adaptive robust controller for a linear motor based TAH (LMTAH) which overcomes such shortcomings. Proposed controller performance is compared with simulated natural heart in normal and stressed physiological conditions. Application of adaptive robust control results in flows with less stress variation and... 

This paper presents the effects of a non-uniform magnetic field on the hydrodynamic and thermal behavior of ferrofluid flow in a wavy channel by 3D numerical simulation. The wavy surfaces at the top and bottom of the channel are heated by constant heat fluxes. Moreover, the sidewalls are adiabatic. In the wavy section, in the perpendicular direction of the main flow, the magnetic field that linearly varies along the direction of the main flow is applied. The mathematical model that is consistent with the principles of ferrohydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics is used for the problem formulation. The results indicate that the wavy wall enhances the heat transfer rate on the bottom of the... 

The present study provides a comparison between the flow pattern around two circular piers in tandem and a single pier set up on a moderately rough flat bed in a laboratory flume. Velocities are measured by an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV). The contours of the time-averaged velocity components, Reynolds shear stresses, turbulence intensities and turbulence kinetic energy at different planes are presented. Streamlines and vectors are used to study the flow features. The analysis of power spectra around the piers is also presented. The results show that the presence of downstream pier changes the flow structure to a great extent, particularly in the near-wake region. Within the gap... 

In this paper, three-dimensional turbulent flow field around a complex bridge pier placed on a rough fixed bed is experimentally investigated. The complex pier foundation consists of a column, a pile cap, and a 2×4 pile group. All of the elements are exposed to the approaching flow. An acoustic-Doppler velocimeter was used to measure instantaneously the three components of the velocities at different horizontal and vertical planes. Profiles and contours of time-averaged velocity components, turbulent intensity components, turbulent kinetic energy, and Reynolds stresses, as well as velocity vectors are presented and discussed at different vertical and horizontal planes. The approaching... 

Turbidity currents are often the main processes of sediment transport in deep waters and reservoirs. To prevent sedimentation in critical locations, various methods, such as placing solid obstacles in the path of these flows, have been proposed. In the present study, the effect of inlet concentration on the behavior of turbidity currents in the presence of two consecutive triangular obstacles was investigated experimentally. For this purpose, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted with various inlet concentrations. In each experiment, velocity and concentration profiles were measured using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The velocity of the current head and local Froude number...