Sharif Digital Repository

Sulfur containing compounds are known as the most applicable group of organic compounds. Due to their medicinal and biological applications, dithiocarbamates are the most considerable among the many sulfur containing compounds. There are many procedures reported to synthesize these compounds as synthetic intermediates instead of thiophosgen and isothiocyanates. The reaction of amine and carbon disulfide is reported as the best and least hazardous way to synthesize this functional group. In this project heterocyclic compounds such as thiazoles, thiazolidine-2-thione, and 2-(alkylthio)thiazol-4(5H)-one derivatives were synthesized from the reaction of prepared dithiocarbamates with in situ... 

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reactions constitute one of the most fundamental reactions for construction of five-membered heterocyclic compounds Spiro and dispirooxindoles have become important synthetic targets as these structural frameworks form the core units of many naturally occurring molecules that possess abundant biological activities .In this report we used (E)-Aryl ideneindolinones as unusual dipolarophiles for synthesis of dispirooxindoles. In follow different bifunctional nucleophiles for example 1,3-dicarbonyl, phenol, thioindole can be used in synthesis of benzoxazocines We have reported a new and efficient synthesis of benzoxazocines via unique tandem 1,3-dinucleophilic addition... 

The wellbore instability is one of the challenging problems in the oil industry, which entails huge costs for the industry every year. This phenomenon not only causes numerous problems in drilling and completion of wells, but also reduces production and loss of wells. In recent years, this problem has become much more serious in the Kupal oilfield. As a result, a large number of wells drilled in the field shortly after completion face with the problem of instability, integrity and casing collapse. According to the studies, one of the main causes of such a problem is the Gachsaran high pressure formation. Despite the complexity and importance of this issue, there is not a comprehensive study... 

In the past years, upstream processes have been receiving a considerable R&D investment and commercial attention. The downstream processes have, however, been overlooked causing a production bottleneck that is shifting the costs of production from up to downstream. The need to develop more efficient and cost-effective separation and purification processes is, thus, crucial in order to improve process efficiency and economics keeping the required high standards of quality for market approval. In this research, promising aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) containing Tween 20 as a quite biocompatible non-ionic surfactant and different salts (K3Citrate and NaH2PO4) were prepared and their... 

Lakes, marshes, and wetlands shrinkage and drying up due to natural and human driving forces is today one of the most important concerns in the world. Mahaarloo Salt Lake in southern part of Iran is (18 km far from south eastern of Shiraz ) drying-up and is faced with ecologic and environmental degradation. It recharges from western north by upstream basin of Shiraz and 3 rivers named Khoshk, Chenaarrahdaar, Soltaanabad and also from eastern south by Nazarabad river located in Sarvestan basin (Regional water org. of Fars 1382). In recent years, the shrinkage of Mahaarloo has been exacerbated by mismanagement of water resources, inappropriate land use, ignoring allocation of environmental... 

Casing failure is one of the mainly problems of hydrocarbon fields that may cause wells out of service and impose heavy costs on oil companies. There exist many theories that may cause casing failure including: the plastic behavior of surrounding formations, the effects of reservoir depletion, over-pressured formations, weak cementing operations, fault activation, and local stresses applied on casing. In salt-rich formations, creep behavior can be the main cause of casing failure, too.The purpose of this study is to evaluate the causes affecting casing failure via experimental studies and numerical simulation with the focus on the conditions governing south-west Iranian oil fields, where the... 

Various contaminants and their leachate, when they penetrate into the soil, cause changes in soil microstructure, this change in microstructure leads to changes in soil permeability and volume. In this study, first, the effects of soil microstructure change on the hydraulic conductivity of saturated soil were investigated using the change in initial saturation degree during compaction for compacted samples and the change in sample construction in reconstituted samples. Also, the simultaneous effect of changing the initial microstructure and salt solution on the hydraulic conductivity of saturated silty clay soils using a three-axial permeability device with the ability to measure volume... 

Membrane filtration systems are one of the most widely used and effective methods for desalination of saline water in the seas and oceans and treatment of industrial and domestic effluents in order to provide the fresh water resources needed for human survival on the earth and also meet the needs of various industries. The low efficacy of the traditional technologies necessitates the introduction of novel desalination methods. For this purpose, carbon-based membranes have been proposed as high-performance membranes because of their high mechanical strength, ultrafast permeation, and controllable pore size. In this study, by conducting molecular dynamics simulations, the effects of electric... 

Water-in-salt (WIS) electrolytes with a wide electrochemical stability window (ESW) have made great progress in the field of aqueous batteries and capacitors. However, the slow diffusion of metal ions, such as lithium or calcium, has limited the use of these devices. Meanwhile, adding an organic co-solvent can improve the penetration of metal ions in salt water electrolytes. This electrolyte category, which has also used organic solvent in addition to water, is called organic/aqueous hybrid electrolyte modification. Since the effect of organic solvent on the performance of aqueous electrolyte in calcium batteries has not been investigated so far, in this research the physical and chemical... 

The high consumption of worldwide fossil energy and its detrimental effects on the environment and climate have prompted a transition toward renewable energy sources. The availability of renewable energy sources depends on weather and seasonal changes; therefore, an imbalance between supply and demand would be unavoidable. Hydrogen storage as an energy carrier, can fulfill this energy mismatch. Storing hydrogen in underground formations, such as aquifers, has been the subject of extensive research recently. In these storage reservoirs, hydrogen contacts the resident brine which will be lost through the dissolution-diffusion mechanism. Therefore, successful design of these storages requires...