Sharif Digital Repository

Increasing energy demand has led to a substantial growth in the use of wind energy across the world, which can be attributed to the low initial and running costs and rapid and easy deployment of this technology. The development of hydrogen from wind energy is an excellent way to store the excess wind power produced, as the produced hydrogen can be used not only as clean fuel but also as input for various industries. Considering the good wind potentials of Yazd province, the variety of industries that are active in this area, and the central location of this province in Iran, which gives it ample access to major transport routes and other industrial hubs, hydrogen production from wind power... 

Observing the growing energy demand of modern societies, many countries have rec-ognized energy security as a looming problem and renewable energies as a solution to this issue. Renewable hydrogen production is an excellent method for the storage and transfer of energy generated by intermittent renewable sources such as wind and solar so that they can be used at a place and time of our choosing. In this study, the suitability of 15 cities in Fars province, Iran, for renewable hydrogen production was investigated and compared by the use of multiple multi-criteria decision-making methods including ARAS, SAW, CODAS, and TOPSIS. The obtained rankings were aggregated by rank averaging, Borda... 

This paper proposes a robust investment and operation model to attend the power and heat needs of a microgrid (MG) connected to the distribution system. The optimization algorithm decides on the best investment and operation of combined heat and power (CHP), boilers, PV power generation and battery energy storage systems (BESS). For the BESS, the algorithm estimates the optimal energy storage capacity (MWh) as well as the maximum hourly delivery capacity (MW). The non-linear and non-concave heat rate chart is recast by a mix-integer linear model to have a tractable and precise model. The model considers the uncertain in some parameters using probability density function (pdf) to portrait its... 

Solar Chimney (SC) can play a significant role in energy consumption reduction of ventilation applications. The primary purpose of this study is to ameliorate the performance of an inclined rooftop SC integrated with the Phase Change Material (PCM) and Photovoltaic (PV) module, called the SC-PCM-PV system. To this aim, the effects of using finned absorbers and composite PCMs on the performance of the SC-PCM-PV system are investigated for the first time. A 3D-CFD model is developed via the finite volume method to examine the impact of various design parameters, including fin number, fin thickness, PCM type, and PCM mass on natural ventilation duration, ventilation capacity, and power output.... 

Herein, we report a new strategy for improving the efficiency and reducing the fabrication cost of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) by elimination of the three- or four-fold layer deposition of TiO2. This is performed by replacing a single layer deposition of mesoporous TiO2 beads, with sub-micrometer size, high surface area and tunable pore size, synthesized by a combination of sol-gel and solvothermal methods. Furthermore, superior electronic properties gained by a reduction in electronic trap states are achieved through doping of pristine TiO2 beads with lithium. The beads have a spherical shape with monodispersed texture consisting of anatase-TiO2 nanocrystals and ultra-fine pores. The... 

This study represents the investigation of In2S3 thin films, which have been deposited with different Indium salts (Chloride, Acetate, and Nitrate) using the Chemical Spray Pyrolysis (CSP) method. The Mott-Schottky analysis has been used in case of studying the electrical properties of films such as conduction and valence band, carrier densities, Fermi level (Efn), flat band potential, and semiconductor type. In the next step, the Rb1MAFA perovskite solar cell has been simulated, and the results have been validated by the experimental data (with the least parameters for fitting). Finally, In2S3 layers have been inserted on the SnO2 layer to decrease the recombination rate and enhance the... 

Solar systems are the most promising technologies to reduce building energy consumption. In recent years, one of the popular solar technologies is building integrated photovoltaic-thermal collectors, because of profitability and no need for separate architectural space. In this study, a new combination of glazed building integrated photovoltaic thermal solar collectors and an absorption cooling system, as a trigeneration system, to provide thermal and electrical energy demands of a case study residential building, is proposed. Dynamic simulation of the proposed system is performed using the TRNSYS-MATLAB co-simulator. Because there is no model for the glazed photovoltaic thermal solar... 

An energy management system (EMS) was proposed for a campus microgrid (μG) with the incorporation of renewable energy resources to reduce the operational expenses and costs. Many uncertainties have created problems for microgrids that limit the generation of photovoltaics, causing an upsurge in the energy market prices, where regulating the voltage or frequency is a challenging task among several microgrid systems, and in the present era, it is an extremely important research area. This type of difficulty may be mitigated in the distribution system by utilizing the optimal demand response (DR) planning strategy and a distributed generator (DG). The goal of this article was to present a... 

The main purpose of this study is to provide the heating power for space heating and sanitary hot water for a residential house in sixteen stations located in Belgium using evacuated tube solar water (ETSW). A one-year dynamic simulation was performed using TSOL 5.5 software and Meteonorm 7.1 was used to obtain the climatic data. Technical and environmental studies as well as station rankings are the parameters that have been examined for the first time in the present study. The weighting results of using the Best-Worst method (BWM) revealed that total solar fraction and CO2 emission avoided have the highest and lowest weight, respectively. Station ranking was performed using ARAS technique... 

In this research, the design of a solar reverse osmosis desalination plant was investigated by integrating various components using TRNSYS and ROSA software. To this goal, a two-stage reverse osmosis system with 50% recovery in the city of Chabahar was modeled. The calculations were performed in three different case studies, i.e., a photovoltaic power plant, a solar collector power plant with Organic Rankine Cycles, and a photovoltaic thermal power plant with Organic Rankine Cycles, with the reverse osmosis desalination plant being a novel investigation. Water production and electrical energy generation of each case study were evaluated both on a daily and yearly bases. The simulation... 

Nowadays, the world is facing a shortage of fresh water. Utilizing adsorbent materials to adsorb air moisture is a suitable method for producing freshwater, especially combining the adsorption desalination system with solar energy devices such as solar collectors. The low temperature of solar collectors has caused some water to remain in the adsorbents in the desorption process and has reduced the possibility of using these systems. In this research, for the first time, an evacuated tube collector (ETC) is used as an adsorbent bed so that the temperature of the desorption process reaches higher values and as a result, more fresh water is expected to produced. In this study, two adsorption... 

In this research, for the first time, the effect of primary particles (boulders) and secondary particles (fines) in organic mixtures of coffee, black walnut hull, madder, and tea (which are cheap, abundant, and biodegradable) on the improvement of solar stills' daily efficiency is evaluated as an alternative to metal-based nanofluids. A laboratory still simulator is utilised under laboratory conditions to measure the organic mixture's behaviour accurately. Furthermore, the effect of the concentration of organic mixtures and the particle size of organic materials are investigated, as well as the effect of boulders and fines, independently. In addition, two identical solar still systems are... 

Renewable hydrogen production plays a key role in transitioning to a hydrogen economy. For this, developing countries are encouraged to keep up with industrialized nations. As such, this study seeks to evaluate the potential of all capital cities of Iran in terms of solar-based hydrogen production and prioritize the nominated alternatives. This step is highly valued because finding the most suitable place for this purpose can lead to substantial outcomes and consequently avoid failure. Therefore, here a 20-kW solar power plant is simulated by PVsyst 6.7 software and meteorological data of 31 capital cities is extracted using Meteonorm 7.1 software. Considering all losses associated with... 

Battery energy systems are playing significant roles in smart homes, e.g., absorbing the uncertainty of solar energy from root-top photovoltaic, supplying energy during a power outage, and responding to dynamic electricity prices. For the safe and economic operation of batteries, an optimal battery-management system (BMS) is required. One of the most important features of a BMS is state-of-charge (SoC) estimation. This article presents a robust central-difference Kalman filter (CDKF) method for the SoC estimation of on-site lithium-ion batteries in smart homes. The state-space equations of the battery are derived based on the equivalent circuit model. The battery model includes two RC... 

The paper presents a systematic approach to designing an imaging dish for a concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system to minimize exergy destruction. The designed CPV system uniformly distributes light rays on the receiver (TPV/multi-junction PV) to enhance the conversion technology efficiency and lifetime. To this end, a parametric dish is designed using imaging optics and the numerical solution of a differential equation. Afterward, a Monte Carlo simulation is used to estimate the output energy and exergy of the CPV system with the parametric dish. Finally, an optimization algorithm finds the optimal design parameters to minimize the system's exergy destruction. The optimal design leads to a... 

Efficient utilization of solar energy as the cleanest and most plentiful natural resource for drinking water is a water is as sustianble and environmental friendly approach to obviate long-standing water scarcity. Carbon-based photothermal absorbers due to broadband light absorption are very interesting in interfacial solar steam generation systems. Herein, we investigate the convenient application of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets with carbon black (CB) nanoparticles on the cotton fabric as a flexible texture-based photothermal absorber. Polyurethane (PU) as a self-floating insulator foam was selected to manage the energy loss and preserve light converted to heat on the fabric... 

Because of the low outflow temperature of the conventional photovoltaic thermal systems and lack of electrical production of the solar thermal collectors, a novel combined system is proposed to solve the two mentioned drawbacks. This novel system is achieved by connecting a photovoltaic thermal unit to a solar thermal collector in series. To increase the overall performance of this novel combined system, different hybrid nanofluids include (1) multiwall carbon nanotube-aluminum oxide (2) multiwall carbon nanotube-silicon carbide (3) graphene-aluminum oxide, and (4) graphene-silicon carbide are compared. The investigation is performed based on the three-dimensional simulation, and the... 

In recent years, declining fossil fuel reserves and increasing environmental concerns led to higher utilization of renewable energy source (RES). One of the RES is Solar energy which is abundantly found in different areas of the globe, particularly in Iran. The aim of this research is to select a suitable site for constructing a solar power plant to generate electricity-hydrogen in southern Iran, Kerman province. For this purpose, a new hybrid Multi criteria decision making method is used. The Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA)method is used to weigh the criteria and the Measurement of alternatives and ranking according to Compromise solution (MARCOS)method is used to rank... 

Waves encountering can cause significant ship motions and affect the photovoltaic power generation capacity in All-Electric Ships (AES) during extreme conditions. In this paper, a comprehensive strategy is proposed to examine the impact of modern vessels' movements on the PV system output and the ship power quality during various operating scenarios. The proposed theoretical model-based technique determines ship angles in a wave collision and assesses sun-related angles concerning the vessel motions. Based on the panel angles, the solar irradiance and the PV system power variations can be derived. The developed method can simultaneously evaluate the effect of ship motions on the photovoltaic... 

Perovskite solar cells fabrication process need inert or low humidity atmospheres. While highly efficient perovskite solar cells to overcome the photovoltaic marketing should be achieved stability at any environmental conditions. At high humidity, water molecules react with the perovskite layer and increase the degradation rate, leading to a drastic decrease in device performance and perovskite crystallinity. In this work, the effect of environmental humidity on photophysical parameters of wide bandgap, (WBG) perovskite layer and solar cells stability is systematically investigated and tBP is proposed as an additive in perovskite precursor to increase the moisture resistance and improve the...