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    Microorganisms’ effect on the wettability of carbonate oil-wet surfaces: implications for MEOR, smart water injection and reservoir souring mitigation strategies

    , Article Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology ; Volume 10, Issue 4 , 2020 , Pages 1539-1550 Jahanbani Veshareh, M ; Ayatollahi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
    Springer  2020
    Abstract
    In upstream oil industry, microorganisms arise some opportunities and challenges. They can increase oil recovery through microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) mechanisms, or they can increase production costs and risks through reservoir souring process due to H2S gas production. MEOR is mostly known by bioproducts such as biosurfactant or processes such as bioclogging or biodegradation. On the other hand, when it comes to treatment of reservoir souring, the only objective is to inhibit reservoir souring. These perceptions are mainly because decision makers are not aware of the effect microorganisms’ cell can individually have on the wettability. In this work, we study the individual effect... 

    Mechanistic study of wettability alteration of oil-wet calcite: The effect of magnesium ions in the presence and absence of cationic surfactant

    , Article Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects ; Volume 482 , October , 2015 , Pages 403-415 ; 09277757 (ISSN) Karimi, M ; Al Maamari, R. S ; Ayatollahi, S ; Mehranbod, N ; Sharif University of Technology
    Elsevier  2015
    Abstract
    Over 60% of the world's discovered oil reserves are held in carbonate reservoirs, which are mostly naturally fractured. Conventional water flooding results in low oil recovery efficiency in these reservoirs as most of them are oil-wet. On account of negative capillary forces, injected brine cannot penetrate simply into an oil-wet matrix of fractured formations to force the oil out. Wettability alteration of the rock surface to preferentially more water-wet state has been extensively studied using both smart water and surfactants separately. This study aims to study the effects of Mg2+ as one of the most important wettability influencing ions on the wetting properties of oil-wet carbonate... 

    Mechanistic study of the effects of dynamic fluid/fluid and fluid/rock interactions during immiscible displacement of oil in porous media by low salinity water: Direct numerical simulation

    , Article Journal of Molecular Liquids ; 2020 Alizadeh, M. R ; Fatemi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
    Elsevier B.V  2020
    Abstract
    Low salinity waterflooding (LSWF) is a process in which by lowering the ionic strength and/or manipulation of the composition of the injection water, the long term equilibrium in oil/brine/rock system is disturbed to reach a new state of equilibrium through which the oil production will be enhanced due to fluid/fluid and/or rock/fluid interactions. In spite of recent advances in the simulation of the LSWF at core scale and beyond, there are very few works that have modelled and simulated this process at the pore scale specially using direct numerical simulation (DNS). As a result the effects of wettability alteration and/or Interfacial Tension (IFT) change on the distribution of the phases... 

    Mechanistic study of the effects of dynamic fluid/fluid and fluid/rock interactions during immiscible displacement of oil in porous media by low salinity water: Direct numerical simulation

    , Article Journal of Molecular Liquids ; Volume 322 , 2021 ; 01677322 (ISSN) Alizadeh, M ; Fatemi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
    Elsevier B.V  2021
    Abstract
    Low salinity waterflooding (LSWF) is a process in which by lowering the ionic strength and/or manipulation of the composition of the injection water, the long term equilibrium in oil/brine/rock system is disturbed to reach a new state of equilibrium through which the oil production will be enhanced due to fluid/fluid and/or rock/fluid interactions. In spite of recent advances in the simulation of the LSWF at core scale and beyond, there are very few works that have modelled and simulated this process at the pore scale specially using direct numerical simulation (DNS). As a result the effects of wettability alteration and/or Interfacial Tension (IFT) change on the distribution of the phases... 

    Mechanistic study of the effects of dynamic fluid/fluid and fluid/rock interactions during immiscible displacement of oil in porous media by low salinity water: direct numerical simulation

    , Article Journal of Molecular Liquids ; Volume 322 , 2021 ; 01677322 (ISSN) Alizadeh, M ; Fatemi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
    Elsevier B.V  2021
    Abstract
    Low salinity waterflooding (LSWF) is a process in which by lowering the ionic strength and/or manipulation of the composition of the injection water, the long term equilibrium in oil/brine/rock system is disturbed to reach a new state of equilibrium through which the oil production will be enhanced due to fluid/fluid and/or rock/fluid interactions. In spite of recent advances in the simulation of the LSWF at core scale and beyond, there are very few works that have modelled and simulated this process at the pore scale specially using direct numerical simulation (DNS). As a result the effects of wettability alteration and/or Interfacial Tension (IFT) change on the distribution of the phases... 

    Mechanistical study of effect of ions in smart water injection into carbonate oil reservoir

    , Article Process Safety and Environmental Protection ; Volume 105 , 2017 , Pages 361-372 ; 09575820 (ISSN) Lashkarbolooki, M ; Ayatollahi, S ; Riazi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
    Institution of Chemical Engineers  2017
    Abstract
    The concerns for water availability, affordability and environmental consideration have motivated more research on the development of smart water injection for enhanced oil recovery process. Although wettability alteration has been considered as the dominant mechanism, there is an ample space in this area needs to be explored more. Therefore, a systematic series of experiments is designed and performed to examine the effect of salinity and ion type on the wettability of the carbonate rock surface to find the active mechanisms. For this purpose, the concentrations of different salts including NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2 are examined during 10 days of soaking for salts concentrations range of... 

    Low salinity water injectionat different reservoir rocks: Similarities and differences

    , Article Special Topics and Reviews in Porous Media ; Volume 7, Issue 1 , 2016 , Pages 87-97 ; 21514798 (ISSN) Hassani, K ; Rostami, B ; Ayatollahi, S ; Yassin, M. R ; Sharif University of Technology
    Begell House Inc  2016
    Abstract
    A literature review of laboratory and field scale studies on low salinity water (LSW) injection showed that the salinity and composition of injected water can have a significant impact on oil recovery. Historically, extensive research has been completed to understand the mechanisms and factors affecting LSW injection. However, although numerous mechanisms have been proposed to describe the interactions in the target process, none have been widely accepted. In this study, waterflooding tests were used to investigate the advantages, disadvantages, and effect of LSW injection. In laboratory tests, two different brines and crude oil of one of Iran's southern reservoirs were used to assess the... 

    Low salinity injection into asphaltenic-carbonate oil reservoir, mechanistical study

    , Article Journal of Molecular Liquids ; Volume 216 , 2016 , Pages 377-386 ; 01677322 (ISSN) Lashkarbolooki, M ; Riazi, M ; Hajibagheri, F ; Ayatollahi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
    Abstract
    The impacts of salinity adjustment of displacing fluid have recently gained special attention to enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Different mechanisms have been studied widely in the literature while some of them are still subjugated to more scrutiny. The effects of diluted sea water on the interfacial properties of brine and asphaltenic-acidic crude oil and the wettability alteration of carbonate reservoir rock are investigated in this experimental observational work. The measurements of interfacial tension (IFT) and contact angle (CA) as two main parameters are studied. Besides, the effects of asphaltene and resin in the crude oil on the IFT values between the crude oil and aqueous solution... 

    Isolation and screening of Bacillus subtilis MJ01 for MEOR application: biosurfactant characterization, production optimization and wetting effect on carbonate surfaces

    , Article Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology ; Volume 9, Issue 1 , 2019 , Pages 233-245 ; 21900558 (ISSN) Jahanbani Veshareh, M ; Ganji Azad, E ; Deihimi, T ; Niazi, A ; Ayatollahi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
    Springer Verlag  2019
    Abstract
    The bacterial strain MJ01 was isolated from stock tank water of one of the Iranian south oil field production facilities. The 16S rRNA gene of isolate, MJ01, showed 99% similarity to Bacillus subtilis. The results revealed that biosurfactant produced by this strain was lipopeptide-like surfactin based on FTIR analysis. Critical micelle concentration of produced surfactin in distilled water was 0.06 g/l. Wettability study showed that at zero salinity surfactin can change original oil-wet state to water-wet state, but in seawater salinity it cannot modify the wettability significantly. To utilize this biosurfactant in ex situ MEOR process, economical and reservoir engineering technical... 

    Investigation of wettability alteration through relative permeability measurement during MEOR process: A micromodel study

    , Article Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ; Vol. 120, issue , 2014 , p. 10-17 Khajepour, H ; Mahmoodi, M ; Biria, D ; Ayatollahi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
    Abstract
    Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) as a tertiary process employs microorganisms and their metabolites to reduce the residual oil saturation of the reservoir mainly through interfacial tension (IFT) reduction and wettability alteration. In spite of its great potential and the mentioned advantages, application of MEOR has been limited because of the lack of practical convincing experimental results. In this study, the effects of MEOR process on wettability changes and the reduction of residual oil saturation have been examined by providing microscopic visualization of two phase flow in transparent glass micromodels. Biosurfactant producing bacterial strain (Enterobacter cloacae) was... 

    Investigation of rock and fluid interactions during engineered water flooding in dolomite reservoir rocks

    , Article Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects ; 2020 Safavi, M. S ; Masihi, M ; Safekordi, A. A ; Ayatollahi, S ; Sadeghnejad, S ; Sharif University of Technology
    Taylor and Francis Inc  2020
    Abstract
    Engineered water (EW) flooding is one of the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques in carbonate reservoirs. In this method, the wettability of reservoir rock is altered by controlling the amount of various ions in the injected brine. The thermodynamics of wettability is related to the surface interactions and stability of water film on a rock surface. It can be identified by calculating disjoining pressure isotherms. In this study, core flooding tests, contact angle and zeta potential measurements along with the disjoining pressure isotherm calculation by the DLVO theory were used to investigate the wettability alteration of dolomite rock. Four brines include reservoir formation water... 

    Investigating the synergic effects of chemical surfactant (SDBS) and biosurfactant produced by bacterium (Enterobacter cloacae) on IFT reduction and wettability alteration during MEOR process

    , Article Journal of Molecular Liquids ; Volume 256 , 2018 , Pages 277-285 ; 01677322 (ISSN) Hajibagheri, F ; Hashemi, A ; Lashkarbolooki, M ; Ayatollahi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
    Elsevier B.V  2018
    Abstract
    In the current study, a novel approach which takes into account the effectiveness of both convectional surfactants and biosurfactants was investigated. The biosurfactant produced by Enterobacter cloacae strain was utilized concomitant with conventional surfactant (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS)) to evaluate its capability to reduce the SDBS adsorption on rock surface (biosurfactant acts as sacrificial agent) or synergistically enhance the effectiveness of the SDBS. In this regard, the wettability alteration and interfacial tension (IFT) measurements and calculation of spreading coefficient were performed considering two different scenarios. In the first scenario, SDBS was added to... 

    Investigating the effects of rock and fluid properties in Iranian carbonate matrix acidizing during pre-flush stage

    , Article Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ; Volume 166 , 2018 , Pages 121-130 ; 09204105 (ISSN) Karimi, M ; Shirazi, M. M ; Ayatollahi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
    Elsevier B.V  2018
    Abstract
    Acidizing of carbonate oil-wet rocks saturated with oil and saline formation water is subjected failure in some cases due to acid-induced damage such as sludge and emulsion formations. This condition may also lead to mineral precipitation, oil film barrier between acid and rock and diversion chemical malfunctions. Therefore, pre-flush process has been proposed as one of the most efficient stage for oil-wells matrix acidizing to reduce these challenges significantly. Besides, the pre-flush stage would result in more clean rock as the reservoir fluids are pushed back from the near wellbore regions, restoring rock wettability to more water wet state, preventing direct acid-oil contact and... 

    Investigating injection of low salinity brine in carbonate rock with the assist of works of cohesion and adhesion and spreading coefficient calculations

    , Article Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ; Volume 161 , 2018 , Pages 381-389 ; 09204105 (ISSN) Lashkarbolooki, M ; Ayatollahi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
    Elsevier B.V  2018
    Abstract
    Low salinity (LS) and smart water (SW) flooding processes which receive a great interest as cost-effective and environmental friendly techniques are relatively new enhanced oil recovery methods. Although shifting carbonate surfaces towards a water-wet state is the main mechanism behind these methods, effects of controlling factors (for instance: ion type or salinity) are already remained unsettled. In this regard, the effects of sulfate ion types (i.e. Na2SO4, MgSO4 and CaSO4) and their concentrations (i.e. 0–45,000 ppm) on wettability alteration are investigated using contact angle (CA) measurement technique. In addition, work of cohesion, work of adhesion and spreading coefficient of all... 

    Impact of sulfate ions on wettability alteration of oil-wet calcite in the absence and presence of cationic surfactant

    , Article Energy and Fuels ; Volume 30, Issue 2 , 2016 , Pages 819-829 ; 08870624 (ISSN) Karimi, M ; Al-Maamari, R. S ; Ayatollahi, S ; Mehranbod, N ; Sharif University of Technology
    American Chemical Society  2016
    Abstract
    The modification of the surface wetting characteristics in fractured oil-wet carbonate reservoirs, by reversing wettability from oil-wet to water-wet, leads to improved oil recovery. However, in order to obtain a successful oil recovery process, it is crucial to understand the active mechanisms of wettability alteration. This study looks at the effect of sulfate ions as one of the most promising wettability influencing ions on the wetting properties of oil-wet calcite; the effect is studied both with and without the presence of cationic surfactant and possible mechanisms of wettability alteration are explored. A number of analytical techniques were utilized to analyze the mineral surface... 

    Impact of oil polarity on the mixing time at the pore scale in low salinity waterflooding

    , Article Energy and Fuels ; Volume 34, Issue 10 , 16 September , 2020 , Pages 12247-12259 Mohammadi, S ; Mahani, H ; Ayatollahi, S ; Niasar, V ; Sharif University of Technology
    American Chemical Society  2020
    Abstract
    The efficiency of low salinity waterflooding, particularly during tertiary mode injection, is highly controlled by in situ mixing between the stagnant regions holding high salinity water (HSW) and the flowing regions containing low salinity water (LSW) because it impacts directly the electrokinetics of wettability alteration and the time scale of the low salinity effect. This study aims to address the effects of oil polarity and charged rock surfaces on the time scale of mixing and transport under two-phase flow conditions. A systematic series of micromodel experiments were performed. The micromodels were first saturated with high salinity formation brine and oil (both model and crude oil);... 

    Impact of ionic composition on modulating wetting preference of calcite surface: Implication for chemically tuned water flooding

    , Article Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects ; Volume 568 , 2019 , Pages 470-480 ; 09277757 (ISSN) Saeedi Dehaghani, A. H ; Badizad, M. H ; Sharif University of Technology
    Elsevier B.V  2019
    Abstract
    Despite previous researches on ion-engineered waterflooding (IEWF), its underlying mechanisms are not fully understood, particularly in presence of additives, like surfactants. This paper concerned with the contribution of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , SO 4 2- and Na + into altering wettability of oil-wet carbonate minerals towards water preferred state. As a mechanistic study, an experiment workflow was conducted to probe the impact of ions' concentrations in SW, either with or without sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) which is an anionic surfactant. At first, contact angle (CA) measurement was carried out to evaluate the degree of wettability reversal upon treating the oil-aged calcite slabs with... 

    Experimental study on enhanced oil recovery by low salinity water flooding on the fractured dolomite reservoir

    , Article Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering ; Volume 40, Issue 5 , 2021 , Pages 1703-1719 ; 10219986 (ISSN) Ebrahimzadeh Rajaee, S ; Gerami, S ; Safekordi, A. A ; Bahramian, A. R ; Ganjeh Ghazvini, M ; Sharif University of Technology
    Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries  2021
    Abstract
    Enhanced Oil Recovery from carbonate reservoirs is a major challenge especially in naturally fractured formations where spontaneous imbibition is a main driving force. The Low Salinity Water Injection (LSWI) method has been suggested as one of the promising methods for enhanced oil recovery. However, the literature suggests that LSWI method, due to high dependence on rock mineralogy, injected and formation water salt concentration, and complexity of reactions is not a well-established technology in oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs. The underlying mechanism of LSWI is still not fully understood. Due to lack of LSWI study in free clay dolomite fractured reservoir, and to investigate of... 

    Experimental study of the chemical stimulation of Iranian fractured carbonate reservoir rocks as an EOR potential, the impact on spontaneous imbibition and capillary pressure

    , Article Scientia Iranica ; Volume 17, Issue 1 C , 2010 , Pages 37-45 ; 10263098 (ISSN) Zangeneh Var, A. R ; Bastani, D ; Badakhshan, A ; Sharif University of Technology
    2010
    Abstract
    Beside their worldwide abundance, oil recovery from fractured carbonate reservoirs is commonly low. Such reservoirs are usually oil-wet, thus, waterflooding leads into early breakthrough and low recovery due to the high conductivity of the fracture network, negative capillary pressure of the matrix and, consequently, the poor spontaneous imbibitions of water from fractures into the matrix during the course of waterflooding. In such problematic reservoirs, changing the wettability of the matrix toward water-wetness can improve spontaneous imbibition by changing the sign and, thus, the direction of capillary forces, resulting in an improvement of waterflood efficiency and, consequently, oil... 

    Experimental investigation on the dominating fluid-fluid and rock-fluid interactions during low salinity water flooding in water-wet and oil-wet calcites

    , Article Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ; Volume 204 , 2021 ; 09204105 (ISSN) Farhadi, H ; Fatemi, M ; Ayatollahi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
    Elsevier B.V  2021
    Abstract
    Low salinity water flooding (LSWF) has the potential to enhance the oil recovery by affecting the fluid-fluid and rock-fluid interactions. Therefore, a systematic investigation on the effect of initial wetting state (water-wet or oil-wet) of pure calcite is conducted to study the importance of these interactions on the effectiveness of LSWF. In the case of initially water-wet cores, more oil recovery efficiency is observed for more saline water cases. To shed light on the possible involved mechanisms, dynamic IFT, dynamic contact angle (CA), oil/brine and rock/brine surfaces zeta potentials, and effluent pH are measured. It is shown that the short-term effect of IFT reduction and long-term...