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Experimental Investigation of Asphaltic Sludge Formation Caused by Asphaltenic Oil Carbonated Reservoir Acid Stimulation
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Ghotbi, Cyrus (Supervisor) ; Ayatollahi, Shahab (Supervisor)
Abstract
Acidizing is one of the most effective techniques to remove the formation damage and restore (or even increase) the permeability of the near wellbore region. Although this technique is widely used to resolve the skin problem, it could initiate new damages itself that hinder the fluid flow and decrease the well production, consequently. Acid-oil emulsion and sludge formation are known as two major induced formation damage and the main reasons for the oil well acid treatment failures.When the HCl is reacted with asphaltenic crude oil during matrix acidizing, it results in unexpected damage at the near wellbore region and hinder the fluid flow through certain mechanisms include:
1- Pore...
1- Pore...
Modeling Catalyst Deactivation in Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation of Phenol in Fixed Bed Three-Phase Reactors
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Kazemeini, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Khorasheh, Farhad (Supervisor)
Abstract
In the present work, wet air oxidation of phenol over 7/3 MnO2/CeO2 composite oxide catalyst in trickle-bed and packed-bubble column reactors was modeled. Complexity of wet air oxidation reactions and catalyst poisoning with carbonaceous groups, on the surface and in the pores of catalyst, make the modeling process complicated. Plurality of mass balance equations which are confirmed in the catalyst pellet and in dynamic and static bed phase, also the equation of catalyst deactivation, lead us solve them simultaneously. In addition, the equations are two dimension and unsteady state and carbon of oxidation intermediates are present which make the modeling process more complicated. We are...
Wettability Alteration and its Effect on Oil Recovery by using Colloidal Nano-Silica in Oil Reservoirs
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ayatollahi, Shahabodin (Supervisor) ; Goodarznia, Iraj (Supervisor) ; Badakhshan, Amir (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
As many oil fields are reaching their final stage of production, new technologies are required in order to maintain production and increase recovery of hydrocarbons. Among these techniques of enhanced oil recovery (EOR), chemical injection method focuses on increasing the effectiveness of waterflooding. Due to the relatively high costs and considerable adsorption on the rock formations, this method is no longer used. In Recent years nanofluids (nanoparticles dispersed in brine) have been used as a cheap, efficient and environmentally friendly alternative more than any other chemicals. It has been stated that the Smart Water method and enhanced oil recovery by SiO2 nanoparticles are effective...
Investigation of the microscopic displacement mechanisms and macroscopic behavior of alkaline flooding at different wettability conditions in shaly glass micromodels
, Article Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ; Vol. 122, issue , August , 2014 , pp. 595-615 ; ISSN: 09204105 ; Ghazanfari, M. H ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Among various chemical methods, alkaline flooding has a great potential for enhancing heavy oil recovery, especially for reservoirs which contain acidic crude oil. However, fundamental understanding about microscopic displacement mechanisms and macroscopic behavior during alkaline floods at different wettabilities is not well understood, especially in five-spot shaly models. In this work several alkaline floods are performed on a glass micromodel containing randomly distributed shale streaks at different wettability conditions. Various mechanisms responsible for enhancing heavy oil recovery during alkaline flooding are investigated at different wettability conditions. These mechanisms...
Dewetting of evaporating thin films over nanometer-scale topographies
, Article Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics ; Vol. 90, issue. 1 , July , 2014 ; ISSN: 15393755 ; Moosavi, A ; Moghimi Kheirabadi, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
A lubrication model is used to study dewetting of an evaporating thin film layer over a solid substrate with a nanometer-scale topography. The effects of the geometry of the topography, the contact angle, the film thickness, and the slippage on the dewetting have been studied. Our results reveal that the evaporation enhances the dewetting process and reduces the depinning time over the topography. Also it is shown that the depinning time is inversely proportional to the slippage and increasing the contact angle may considerably reduce the depinning time, while the film thickness increases the depinning time
Characterization of the effect of disturbance on the hydro-mechanical behavior of a highly collapsible loessial soil
, Article Unsaturated Soils: Research and Applications - Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, UNSAT 2014 ; Vol. 1, issue , 2014 , p. 261-266 ; Khosravi, A ; Ghaizadeh, S ; Garakani, A. A ; Meehan, C. L ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Highly collapsible loessial soils are characterized by an open void structure that can experience significant settlement upon loading. In the field, these partially saturated Aeolian deposits are particularly susceptible to wetting-induced collapse. Due to difficulties in preparing undisturbed specimens from highly collapsible soils, previous studies have generally performed laboratory tests on reconstituted specimens with different water contents and densities, and the effect of disturbance on the initial state of the soil was ignored. Disturbance in highly collapsible soil specimens may significantly affect the natural composition of the soil matrix, the non-homogeneous distribution of...
Steganographic schemes with multiple q-ary changes per block of pixels
, Article Signal Processing ; Volume 108 , 2015 , Pages 206-219 ; 01651684 (ISSN) ; Khosravi, K ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier
2015
Abstract
A family of matrix embedding steganographic schemes for digital images is investigated. The target schemes are applied to blocks of n pixels in a cover image. In every block, at most m pixels are allowed to change with q-ary steps. We have derived some upper bounds on the embedding efficiency of these schemes for different values on m. It is also shown that these upper bounds approach the general upper bound on the embedding efficiency of q-ary steganography. For the case of q=3, we have shown that there is no feasible optimum member of the family for m=2, although for m=1, a well-known example exists. Instead, for m=2, a new close-to-bound scheme in the family is presented which exploits...
Hydro-mechanical behavior of collapsible soils in unsaturated soil mechanics context
, Article 15th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ARC 2015, 9 November 2015 through 13 November 2015 ; November , 2015 , Pages 25-40 ; Association for Disaster Prevention Research; et al.; Fukuoka Convention and Visitors Bureau; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science - Grant-in-Aid for Publication of Scientific Research Results; Kyushu Regional Planning Association; The Maeda Engineering Foundation ; Sharif University of Technology
Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
2015
Abstract
This paper is related to the studies taken place during last decade to understand the intact behavior of a Collapsible Loess subjected to loading and wetting at Advanced Soil Mechanics Laboratory of Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. In this regard intact block samples are carefully taken from Hezar Pich Hill in the city of Gorgan, Iran, and various tests are performed on undisturbed specimens recovered from the intact block samples. In this way three automated unsaturated oedometer are built and a conventional triaxial apparatus is upgraded to a fully automated unsaturated triaxial device to accommodate rigorous and different stress and wetting path with continuous data...
A mathematical analysis of the mechanism of ultrasonic induced fluid percolation in porous media: Part I
, Article Proceedings - SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, 20 September 2010 through 22 September 2010 ; Volume 7 , September , 2010 , Pages 5833-5856 ; 9781617389641 (ISBN) ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
This work concerns with experimentally and analytically investigation of free gravity drainage process in porous media under the influence of ultrasonic wave radiation. Glass beads ranges from 70 to 100 mesh sizes were packed and used in the tests. The working fluids consist of distilled water, kerosene and Doroud and Paidar crude oils as wetting and air as non-wetting phase. The measured oil recovery data along with Hagoort (1984) backward methodology were used to determine and to compare the relative permeability of wetting phases in presence and absence of ultrasonic radiation. In addition the relative permeability of non-wetting phases for both cases were calculated from inverse modeling...
Wettability alteration modeling for oil-wet calcite/silica nanoparticle system using surface forces analysis: contribution of DLVO versus non-DLVO interactions
, Article Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research ; Volume 57, Issue 43 , 2018 , Pages 14482-14492 ; 08885885 (ISSN) ; Ghazanfari, M. H ; Kazemeini, M ; Jamialahmadi, M ; Helalizadeh, A ; Sharif University of Technology
American Chemical Society
2018
Abstract
In this work, application of silica nanoparticles for wettability alteration of initially oil-wet calcite was investigated through analysis of surface forces and DLVO theory. Doing so, the wettability and zeta potential of calcite surfaces were measured through the sessile drop method and an in-house experimental setup, respectively. Primary evaluation indicated that incorporating DLVO terms in the Frumkin-Derjaguin model was not sufficient to describe the wettability in an oil-wet calcite/nanofluid system. Sensitivity analysis showed that calculating the double-layer interaction using constant potential-constant potential boundaries along with structural hydrophobic forces (non-DLVO...
Phase field approach for nanoscale interactions between crack propagation and phase transformation
, Article Nanoscale ; Volume 11, Issue 46 , 2019 , Pages 22243-22247 ; 20403364 (ISSN) ; Levitas, V. I ; Farrahi, G. H ; Javanbakht, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Royal Society of Chemistry
2019
Abstract
The phase field approach (PFA) for the interaction of fracture and martensitic phase transformation (PT) is developed, which includes the change in surface energy during PT and the effect of unexplored scale parameters proportional to the ratio of the widths of the crack surface and the phase interface, both at the nanometer scale. The variation of these two parameters causes unexpected qualitative and quantitative effects: shift of PT away from the crack tip, "wetting" of the crack surface by martensite, change in the structure and geometry of the transformed region, crack trajectory, and process of interfacial damage evolution, as well as transformation toughening. The results suggest...
Design and operation of an evanescent optical fiber sensor
, Article Optics and Lasers in Engineering ; Volume 45, Issue 1 , 2007 , Pages 12-18 ; 01438166 (ISSN) ; Bahar, M ; Razani, M ; Abrishami, M ; Asadpour, A ; Sharif University of Technology
2007
Abstract
Design and operation of an optical fiber sensor based on the intensity modulation is reported in this article. Two distinct mechanisms are considered for the optical power loss and the sensor operation is explained in terms of these effects. The dominant loss mechanism is found to be the evanescent loss and based on this phenomenon the optical fiber sensor is designed. Performance of this sensor is tested as a liquid level sensor for water and the experimental results are reported. The dry and wet signals for this probe are measured for a series of measurements and important factors concerning the design and operation of sensor are described. The precision of measured values, reproducibility...
Experimental and computer based simulation study of WAG process
, Article CHISA 2006 - 17th International Congress of Chemical and Process Engineering, Prague, 27 August 2006 through 31 August 2006 ; 2006 ; 8086059456 (ISBN); 9788086059457 (ISBN) ; Kharrat, R ; Ghazanfari, M. H ; Khodabakhsh, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2006
Abstract
In reservoirs that have been water flooded or gas injected, it is still a significant amount of the remaining oil. Water alternative gas injection is a tertiary oil recovery method which was used for the first time in Canada for recovering remained oil in place of reservoir. The pore-scale mechanisms of this process are not fully understood yet. Such knowledge is essential for accurate modelling of reservoir. In this study various experiments on the WAG process is carried out by means of high pressure glass type micromodel instrument. The micromodel apparatus in this experiment was capable to operate at pressures up to 3500 Psi and temperatures up to 85°C which is similar to conventional...
Integration of the intelligent optimisation algorithms with the artificial neural networks to predict the performance of a counter flow wet cooling tower with rotational packing
, Article International Journal of Ambient Energy ; 2021 ; 01430750 (ISSN) ; Assareh, E ; Alirahmi, M ; Hosseini, H ; Nedaei, M ; Rahimof, Y ; Fathi, A ; Behrang, M ; Jafarinejad, T ; Sharif University of Technology
Taylor and Francis Ltd
2021
Abstract
The present study investigated a counter-flow cooling tower performance by integrating the Artificial Neural Networks and Intelligent Optimisation Algorithms (ANN-IOAs). For this purpose, two scenarios were evaluated. In the first scenario, inlet air wet-bulb temperature (T aw), inlet air dry bulb temperature (T ad), water to the air mass flow rate ratio (mw /ma), and rotor speed (υ) were the input parameters for the ANNs, while the output temperature (T wo) was the ANNs output. In the second scenario, the same input parameters applied for the first scenario were used as input variables and the tower efficiency (ε) was considered as an output parameter. The well-known IOAs methods, namely,...
Quality evaluation of Jajrood river (IRAN) by quality indices methods
, Article 2012 International Conference on Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, AMSE 2012, Seoul, 9 December 2012 through 10 December 2012 ; Volume 650 , 2013 , Pages 652-657 ; 10226680 (ISSN); 9783037855997 (ISBN) ; Hasanian, H ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
This Regular evaluation and analysis of river quality helps accurate management to reach acceptable quality. In this study, water quality indices (WQI) method applied to evaluate quality of Jajrood River which is one of the main sources of Tehran drinking water. It helps to subsidize management actions in Jajrood watershed. Sampling carried out for 9 years during 2001-2010 in 10 stations along the river in wet and dry stations to identify water quality and the main source of pollution. Results show water quality in all stations classifies as medium according to National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) and water quality index in wet season is better than the corresponding value in dry seasons....
Novel surface modifying macromolecules (SMMs) blended polysulfone gas separation membranes by phase inversion technique
, Article Journal of Applied Polymer Science ; Volume 124, Issue 3 , 2012 , Pages 2287-2299 ; 00218995 (ISSN) ; Rana, D ; Matsuura, T ; Soltanieh, M ; Tabe, S ; Sharif University of Technology
2012
Abstract
In this article an attempt was made to fabricate defect-free asymmetric polysulfone (PSf) membranes for the separation of oxygen and nitrogen. The approach is based on the enhanced delayed demixing by blending surface modifying macromolecules (SMMs) in the casting solution and by immersing the cast film in isopropanol for a certain period before it is immersed in water. Different SMMs, including hydrophobic and charged SMMs, were synthesized, characterized, and blended to the host PSf. It was found that the charged SMM could indeed contribute to the removal of defective pores from the skin layer and enhancement of oxygen/nitrogen selectivity. The experimental results were further interpreted...
Modeling of catalyst deactivation in catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol in fixed bed three-phase reactor
, Article World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology ; Volume 73 , 2011 , Pages 604-609 ; 2010376X (ISSN) ; Kazemeini, M ; Khorasheh, F ; Fattahi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Modeling and simulation of fixed bed three-phase catalytic reactors are considered for wet air catalytic oxidation of phenol to perform a comparative numerical analysis between tricklebed and packed-bubble column reactors. The modeling involves material balances both for the catalyst particle as well as for different fluid phases. Catalyst deactivation is also considered in a transient reactor model to investigate the effects of various parameters including reactor temperature on catalyst deactivation. The simulation results indicated that packed-bubble columns were slightly superior in performance than trickle beds. It was also found that reaction temperature was the most effective...
Energy consumption criteria and labeling program of wet cooling towers in Iran
, Article Energy and Buildings ; Volume 43, Issue 10 , October , 2011 , Pages 2712-2717 ; 03787788 (ISSN) ; Sajadi, B ; Sayyadi, P ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
Increasing concerns about the lack of energy resources, global warming and environmental pollution have pushed the relevant organizations to develop energy saving strategies such as energy labeling programs. In this research, a new energy labeling program is developed and evaluated for the wet cooling towers in Iran. The cooling tower parameters, including its cooling capacity and the fan power consumption, are measured using an experimental setup. The experimental data are standardized to compensate the effect of the ambient wet bulb temperature on the cooling tower performance which cannot be controlled during the experiments. The results show that the cooling tower capacity and the fan...
Experimental study of some important factors on nonwetting phase recovery by cocurrent spontaneous imbibition
, Article Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering ; 2015 ; 18755100 (ISSN) ; Mirzaei Paiaman, A ; Masihi, M ; Harimi, B ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier
2015
Abstract
Spontaneous imbibition, defined as the displacement of nonwetting phase by wetting phase in porous media by action of capillary forces, is important in many applications within earth sciences and in particular in naturally fractured oil and gas reservoirs. Hence, it is critical to investigate the various aspects of this process to correctly model the fractured reservoir behavior. In this study, twenty four experiments were conducted to study the effect of rock properties, lithology of porous medium, brine viscosity and boundary conditions on displacement rate and final recovery by cocurrent spontaneous imbibition (COCSI) in brine-oil systems. The results can be extended to brine-gas systems,...
Analysis of dehumidification effects on cooling capacity of an evaporative cooler
, Article Journal of Thermal Science and Technology ; Volume 5, Issue 1 , 2010 , Pages 151-164 ; 18805566 (ISSN) ; Aghanajafi, C ; Mohammadian, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
In this study, effect of desiccant wheel, heat exchanger and cooling coil will be evaluated on decreasing the wet bulb temperature of entering air to cooling tower and decreasing the outlet cold water temperature. For this purpose, change effect of desiccant wheel parameters will be investigated on wet bulb temperature of outlet air from heat exchanger. After that, optimum parameters and minimum wet bulb temperature will be selected. Then, outlet cold water temperature will be achieved for various cooling coil surface temperature with definition of by pass factor and also by using optimum desiccant wheel parameters and entrance air wet bulb temperature to tower related to cooling coil...