Sharif Digital Repository

Climate change impacts especially on temperature and precipitation, may have various effects on agriculture and water demand of agriculture sector in different regions around the world. Based on numerous researches, these effects may be positive in a region while another region might endure negative effects. Therefore carrying out researches and developing methods to predict these impacts as well as mitigating strategies seem to be essential. The most worldwide accepted method is using global circulation models (GCMs) outputs under different greenhouse gases emission scenarios, and according to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessments. IPCC claims that the most recent... 

The citizens’ dissatisfaction with the decreased life and residential care quality is increasing as a result of the rapid growth and development of cities. To find an effective solution to reduce and control these harmful effects is one of the main concerns of urban managers and planners in most countries. In this research, various ecological and sustainability criteria were selected through library-based studies and relative recognition of the region. The Maps were mostly provided through satellite imagery and some by using synoptic data collected from the official aerology website of the country, Iran. Through surveying the experts, different criteria were evaluated and based on the... 

Several countries in the Middle East – North Africa (MENA) region have been always faced drought in their histories, so they implementing many strategies to manage vital water resources for many years. Because of the volume of water available for food production has not been sufficient to meet increasing demands, it has became a critical issue today, to optimize the consumption of water. One of the best policies is to use financial tools to adjust the water usage.In this research we have studied the effects of two scenarios on the volume of water consumption. The firs scenario is to increase the water price, and we have studied the consumers’ reactions. The second scenario is to lend the... 

The water demand forecasting is an important activity for successful planning, utilization and operation of urban water supply and distribution systems. The population growth result in water consumption growth, also the restriction of water resources lead to pay more attention to the water demand management. The unexpected droughts, financial crises, over-use of water resources, or inessential infrastructure development are the outcome of poor water demand prediction and inflexible water resource management. This research is addressed the daily short-term (two week ahead), weekly medium-term (six months ahead), and monthly long-term (two years ahead) water demand. The dynamic artificial... 

Terrestrial water storage change is an important factor in a region ecosystem studies and climate variability effects. Terrestrial water storage is composed of water on vegetation surfaces, in the biomass, in the unsaturated soil or rock zone, as groundwater, snow and ice, and as surface water in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and wetlands. There was no possibility to monitor and estimate this volume of water and it's changes during past decade because of lack of global processing system. After a successful launch, the GRACE mission developed by NASA is currently mapping the variations of the gravity field of the Earth over its lifetime.
The aim of this study is to investigate Terrestrial... 

Industry Success leads to the use of fossil fuels in communities that result to climate change in the world. Among these effects, there is the effect on the severity, extent and duration of precipitation. Hydroelectric plants are clean and cheap energy resources in the world that due to the use of water, the phenomenon of climate change are very impressionable. Regarding high costs of construction and maintenance of these dams in order to exploit their lengthy; Impact of climate change on them is important issue.
In this research, first a nonlinear optimization model to maximize hydroelectric power generation by genetic algorithms in the MATLAB software environment has been developed.... 

Over time, human needs more groundwater to meet agricultural, industrial, and urban uses; so the study on factor affecting groundwater and groundwater level changes are important for water resource management. However, often forgotten is the fact that accurate and reliable predictions are based on a correct diagnose of the past. One of the questions here is how the climate has changed since the last. Such a question is largely related to detection. Purpose of detecting climate variability and climate change, identifying climate variability and trends in system and describe the factors causing these changes are. Without knowing and understanding these changes and fluctuations, we are not able... 

Today climate change impacts are increasingly visible through their effects on hydrology and water resources. So it is encouraging to adaptive planning and to reduce unfavorable impacts. Until now, they have been accomplished several studies on climate change impacts across the world. One of these impacts is runoff reduction to reservoirs of hydropower dams. Depending on hydrologic conditions, hydropower provides 16 percent of world electricity and 13 percent of national electricity demand. Hydroelectric power’s low cost, near-zero pollution emissions, and ability to quickly respond to peak loads make it a valuable renewable energy source.Given the important role of hydropower in peak... 

Incline in the population and civilization, development of agriculture, and expansion of industries, in addition to limitations on surface and groundwater resources necessitate the existence of correct and efficient planning of management and utilization of water resources. Prediction of behavioral models of changes in water resources systems, influenced by utilizing strategies, absolutely helps stakeholders for conservative development of these resources. System dynamics is an object oriented method that is based on system's feedback. Not only it gives real description of complex systems, but also it provides the ability to influence effectively in development of the model for the user. The... 

Environmental flows supply critical contributions to wetland health and economic development, while wetlands are one of the richest ecosystems due to diversity of the ecological species. The Shadegan Wetland is the located in the south-west of Iran, at the top of the Persian Gulf. It is the largest wetland of the country with an area of almost 400,000 hectares. The wetland plays a significant role, both hydrological and ecological in the natural functioning of the northern coast of the Gulf. Moreover, Shadegan Protected Zone is of high economic and social importance, as its vegetation is assumed the main source of feeding the wildlife species. On the other hand, the wetland has the potential... 

Hydrological models are suitable tools for reduction of hydrological uncertainty in stream flow estimation. There are different historical approaches for the development of rainfall-runoff models, with regard to the choice of model structure and the calibration of the parameters, but the most attention has been focused on gauged catchments where sufficient data, in particular stream flow data, are available. So new modeling strategies for ungauged or pseudo ungauged catchments have been developed. This work was aimed to develop a methodology for the regionalization of some parameters of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model based on measurable physiographic, meteorological and even land... 

Forecasting model of water consumption amounts could be used in order to manage water resources for future condition of city. In this thesis, a model for forecasting water demand for Tehran has been presented by evaluating regression models and intelligent models. In this study, uncertainties which are connected to climate and population changes are taken into account. The considered variables include minimum, maximum and medium temperature, precipitation and solar radiation. Considering objectives of this thesis and various forecasting methods and their advantages and regional conditions of Tehran, in addition to regression analysis, perceptron neural network, probabilistic neural network... 

There is increasing demand for water due to rising world population. In addition, lower supplies of water under varying hydrological condition because of changing climate, renders further stress on an already over-allocated water resource. Thus, this condition would exacerbate water supply-demand conflicts resulting in penalties on local economy. On the other hand fresh water as a scarce resource requires comprehensive management. To maintain fresh water resources, systems need principles of ecologically sustainable development that keeps environmental uses as legal. Hence, in this situation there is a need to develop appropriate methods to minimize the climate change consequences and... 

Drought is a common phenomena which has a lot of unwanted conse-quences on human being life and environment. Drought forecasting plays a significant role in water resources and environmental systems. Considering IRAN inappropriate location which is on the arid and semi-arid area of the earth and Widespread damages which are related to drought during recent years in iran; importance of developing an accurate model by using new technologies becomes quite inevitable. In the last decay Neural Networks have appeared very useful in non-Stationary and non-linear time Series forecasting and modeling.
This study is about to use conjunctive model of adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system and... 

Chemical dispersants applied to the surface of Persian Gulf during the oil spill in 2010 were more than one million gallons. Following the addition of dispersants, oil mixes below the seawater surface and can be degraded or dissolved into the water column. The aforementioned condition is a perfect opportunity for degradation of organic pollutants using Ultraviolet light emitting diodes Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). These methods are based on activation of oxidants such as persulfate and hydrogen peroxide to generate extremely reactive radicals. Dispersants would increase the degradation rate by providing more active area (homogenous solution) for these radicals. AOPs have shown to... 

This project is about crest triangular weirs. The discharge is a function of triangular angle and head of the water. There are so many projects that is about the effect of various parameters on the discharge of weir. In some places we can not use just one symmetric weir so we have to use multi weirs. Because of the lack of information in multiasymmetrical weirs, the goal of this project in studing multi triangular weirs in laboratory. We used the civil engeneering department of sharif university chanel that is 148 cm in width and 40 cm in height. In this project we used three 60, two 90 and two 45 triangular weirs that instaleed singular,double and triapple in various position in width. In... 

Nowadays, climate change is one of most important environmental challenges in all over the world. In addition to climate change, population growth, increase in water demand, which surpasses available resources so that the water system cannot meet the demands, and the subsequent growth in the development of water resources plans make watershed management become a challenging issue . In the last decade, due to significant reduction of precipitation, continuous increase in water development plans and utilization of too much water for agricultural and other uses, water inflow to the lake Urmia has reduced. Furthermore, Urmia lake have a strategic location which flows in three provinces of East... 

Worldwide coverage, online accessibility and unique accuracy of spatial and temporal satellite data such as rainfall, has encouraged researchers to apply this information in studies such as water resources engineering, hydrologic modeling, drought studies and flood forecast. This research aims to introduce a method that reduces the estimation error of rainfall data derived from a satellite product. “Satellites rainfall products” such as PERSIANN (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks), which has been used in this research, has significant error in comparison with geo-prediction precipitation, due to stochastic and systematic errors. In... 

Using a combination of groundwater and surface water, is defined as each project planned by combining these two sources which, in most cases, will achieve greater benefits than the non-integrated. The benefit is a set of privileges that technically, economically and environmentally justify the project. One of the prevalent and effective problems of fertile and flat plains of Khuzestan province, especially the Evan plain, is lack of proper drainage of agricultural land downstream of dams and irrigation networks which are covered by. In this plain also, according to statistics from Piezometers, the groundwater level is rising. At the first, the aim of this study is to study the current... 

Groundwater beneath the cities is becoming an important and valuable resource. Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater is likely to become increasingly more common as urban population grows by time. Therefore, one important requirement for urban water management planning is forecasting the groundwater level fluctuations. Unfortunately less experience and information is available to evaluate the fluctuations of groundwater level in urban environment compare to the natural systems, also different processes (sources) are involved in an urban water cycle, which all together make it more complicated to study. Similar to many other megacities, there is a serious lack of hydrogeological and...