Sharif Digital Repository

Due to the increasing relationships, and expand the transportation of goods and fuel by ships and other factors may also cause the release of pollution into the sea, Oil and also its derivatives are the dangerous pollutants that threaten the health of the environment and may destroy the local ecosystem.One of its highly carcinogenic pollutants that even inhaled,is furfural. A new and efficient method for the filtration of toxic substances and hazardous wastewaters, using the moving bed biofilm reactor treatment that is MBBR system. Microorganisms present in the reactor, that was used in this project, from the microorganisms of industrial Behran Company. Removal of furfural from the harsh... 

In this project, the feasibility of hydrocarbon waste water treatment with low concentration by physical- chemical treatment methods will be discussed. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the feasibility of reusing the water outlet of the oil and gas refineries, in the region of ASALUYEH where there is an urgent need for water. By using activated carbon and wooden absorbent (absorption method) efficiency of this method was determined. Both coagulation and flocculation methods were investigated. To design and optimize various operating conditions on the adsorption process the RSM method was used. Temperature, residence time, feed concentration, amount of adsorbent, and adsorbent ... 

Mass transfer laws and Microorganisms growth relations are the two important factor s in modeling the “anaerobic baffeled reactors ”.
In this peaper , behavior of the anaerobic baffeled reactors studyed with using mass transfer and mass balance equations, differential equations for the unsteady state condition have been produced , then , the best microorganism growth mechanism (Monod & Haldan) has been chosen using microorganism growth equations for anaerobic system and complete model equations for steady state and unsteady state conditions have been presented. Factors and constants of the model equation have been calculated by ... 

Many industries such as olive oil mills, petroleum refineries, petrochemical plants and oil field operations generate saline wastewaters containing phenol. The aerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was investigated in this work in order to assess its performance for the degradation and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of phenol as the sole substrate from saline wastewater. The effect of inlet concentration of phenol (200–1200mg/L), hydraulic retention time (8–24 h), inlet concentration of salt (10-70gr/L), organic shock loading, hydraulic shock loading and salt shock loading were evaluated on the performance of two 10-liter MBBR seeded with mixed culture of active biomass... 

In the present study, effects of Post Aeration stage on moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) sludge and effluent quality was investigated by simulated wastewater. Reactors Volume were 3.2 and 5.9 Liter and their filling-fraction were 53% and 29%, respectively. All tests were done at 2.5 and 4.6 volume fraction, in which organic loading rates (OLR) were 2, 4, 6 g/L.d and Hydraulic retention times (HRT) were 3 and 6 hours. Increasing in HRT results in bioreactor efficiency improvement, the most efficiency values were found 81% and 84% for MBBR and MBBR-PA respectively at HRT of 6 hours and 53% filling-fraction. The greatest effect of post aeration on organic removal rate was obtained at HRT of 3... 

Water is one of the world’s most valuable resources, yet it is under constant threat due to climate change, explosive population growth, and waste. One of the most promising efforts to stem the global water crisis is river contaminated, water reclamation and reuse. This study was carried out to investigate in the water quality “S. H. C.” using treatment techniques. Research project was to check out which method give maximum removal of TOC, COD and coliform, fecal coliform and TSS where this parameters exceeded the permissible limits and therefore “S. H. C.” water was contaminated by these parameters. After carrying out the study more from 8 month on water treatment "S. H. C." we get the... 

Nowadays anaerobic treatment of wastewater has been gaining more and more popularity. This process is usually used for waste sludge and wastewater with high concentrations of organic pollutants. One bioreactor that uses the anaerobic process to treat wastewater is the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR). This reactor was studied in the present study. The Anaerobic Baffled Reactor is composed of a series of up flow anaerobic sludge reactors. A simple design, low process cost, low sludge production and the lack of a need for a separator of the gas and sludge are some of the important characteristics of this reactor. Furthermore, ABRs are resistant against temperature and pH and can separate... 

Nowadays, water pollution and water sources decreasion, is one of the important issues of our world. Treatment of polluted water and wastewater and recycling of those to industries and common uses, is very necessary. Dyes, is one of the biggest parts of water pollutants, especially, in textile plants. There are some ways for dye removal, in the industries; including biological, chemical and physical methods. Among of these methods, physical removal of dyes through adsorption (with Activated Carbon or other adsorbents), is very popular. Hydrogels are three-dimensional hydrophilic polymer networks, introducing very good swelling rate, mechanical properties and pollutants adsorption. In this... 

One of the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) is Photocatalyst method. Structure of this method is according to three foundation: 1. Catalyst, 2. Source of energy, 3. Wastewater. Progress of human activity around variety of fields such as pharmaceutical, plastic industry, and medical science has produced some micro pollutants such as Bisphenol A (BPA) that has aroused the public concerns in recent years. The half-life of this components in water, air and soil is too long, so typical methods such as biological method, activated sludge and carbon adsorption are inefficient in removing BPA. This work describes a visible light responsive Carbon Quantum Dots(CQDs) embedded on TiO_2 nanoparticles... 

The removal of glyphosate, one of the most widely used herbicide, with membrane bioreactor (MBR) was studied. Beside of glyphosate, the synthetic wastewater contained molasses and other salts as nutrient source. The membrane was made from polypropylene and was immersed in the bioreactor. The COD of the feed was adjusted by varying the ratio of glyphosate to molasses. The total COD was 500, 750 and 1000 mg/L. The resulted showed that when the bioreactor coupled with membrane the removal efficiency increased. The increase was attributed to higher concentration of biomass or MLSS in the MBR. The average of MLSS in the MBR was 8500 mg/L while in bioreactor without cell recycling and in batch... 

In this study biological denitrification method by moving bed biofilm reactor is investigated. The main advantage of MBBR reactor is due to their capacity for high removal rates and low operational problems such as clogging. Two MBBRs in series with 3 liter volume each, were designed in experimental set up and used in this research. Nitrification reactor worked under aerobic conditions and denitrification reactor operated under anaerobic conditions. Methanol was used as carbon source in the reactors throughout the study. Fifty percent of each reactor volume was occupied with KMT1 packing. To finding the optimum nitrate loading rate, the concentration of ammonium and nitrate were changed from... 

Water hammer is a pressure surge or wave resulting when a pressurized fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly. This phenomenon can cause great amount of damage to the system and should be considered in designing of pipe systems. So, researchers have derived and proposed numerous models using different approaches. In this study a one-dimensional model using Time Splitting Method (TSM) and Double Sweep Method (DSM) are proposed to simulate transient flow in deformable pipes in networks. To solve the equations of momentum and continuity TSM is applied. In addition Brunone model is used to study the effect of unsteady friction on water hammer wave shape and attenuation. To... 

Different strategies for the treatment and disposal of petroleum and biological sludge found in the treatment and reuse unit of Arak Petroleum Refinery have been studied in the present study. To this end, the resources found in the literature corresponding to the different fields of sludge treatment were studied and a summary of them which was required by this research was mentioned in the thesis. Considering the problems bound to the wastewater treatment unit of this refinery plant and the previous studies, two completely separate strategies were devised. The first one concerns petroleum and biological sludge being produced continuously. The method of aerobic fixation of petroleum sludge by... 

One of the most important methods of controlling discharge in water industry which is widely used in irrigation, water distribution, waste-water engineering, drainage, flood control and other water related projects, is side weir. The hydraulic behavior of flow over side weir is spatially varied flow with decreasing discharge. Various investigators have related the weir discharge coefficient as a function of main channel upstream Froude number and the fraction of weir height to upstream depth . Performance of sharp crested side weirs with extended length (as labyrinth side weir with asymmetric geometry) has been studied in this thesis. The variables for this study are height of weir ,... 

Selective withdrawal from water and settlement reservoirs and tanks is necessary for water and environmental systems. Perforated pipes can be used for selective withdrawal within the length of these reservoirs. In this method, the lateral inflow through perforations leads to the outlet of the pipe that is placed in a depth of fluid. In relation to the hydraulics of perforated pipes, most studies are about drainage pipes and perforated pipes that are used as wellbores in horizontal wells, but application of these pipes have not been investigated in submerged situations. Capacity estimation of perforated pipes based on inside diameter of the pipe, material of the pipe, perforations of the... 

Given that the most polluting industries in the country there. A suitable treatment system for degradation of these compounds is necessary unless unexpected effect on environment will occur.Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) was developed to adopt the best features of the activated sludge process as well as those of the biofilter processes. MBBR has biomass growth on carriers that move freely in the water volume of the reactor. High surface area of carriers make a good condition for biomass attached growth. This system has had good operation in the urban and some industrial wastewaters.In this study, four reactor volume of approximately 16 litr and 6, respectively, in the aerobic, anoxic... 

Local scouring at the downstream of sluice gates in the erosive beds is one of the main concerns of hydraulic engineers because of the significant damage that it can cause to the hydraulic structures. It is important to control the local scour depth at downstream of hydraulic structures to ensure safety operation of these systems. Many researchers have conducted various studies to predict the maximum depth and diameter of scour hole and develop new methods in order to control this phenomenon. One way to overcome this problem is the use of apron, or non-erosive bed. In order to shorten the apron length or decrease the effect of the... 

In this study, the effect of submerged vanes on the bed scouring and deposition pattern at a 90̊ open-channel junction was investigated. First, the bed formation without submerged vanes were studied under the effect of hydraulic variables like the discharge ratio of tributary to main channel and the ratio of mean approach velocity to the threshold velocity. The results show that scour holes enlarge with time while they move towards the downstream and the outer wall in the main channel. Also, by increasing the ratio of mean approach velocity to the threshold velocity about 0.5, the maximum scour depth occurred at the downstream junction corner with time. In the second stage, the proper vane... 

Sharp crested weirs are one of the main and oldest means of measuring discharge in water conveyance systems. Many studies have been done on sharp rectangular weirs and have provided many relationships regarding the effect of geometric parameters and various factors on discharge coefficient of the weirs.In some places, due to existence of obstacles or barriers in the channel, it is impossible to create a symmetrical continuous weir some other cases,multiple or asymmetric weirs should be used, which is the main concept of this project.Since it seems unlikely that a purely mathematical model can review the impact of the multiplicity and asymmetry of these weirs without using empirical...