Sharif Digital Repository

Smart grid brings miscellaneous concepts and advantages; increasing power quality, decreasing outages, motivating the consumers to participate in power system plans, and accommodating distributed generations (DG) are the most important purposes of smart grid implementation. Appearance of modern technologies makes operators devise better operation function. The effect of these technologies on the power system should be probed by sufficient criterions. In addition, preventing undesirable consequences of new technologies operation in the grid is the requirement of having smarter grid. In this thesis, based on the smart home concept two issues are discussed. In the first issue, a new algorithm... 

Toward the cost-effective solutions for the challenging features of maintenance in nowadays restructured power systems, reliability centered maintenance (RCM) has been introduced as the efficient key due to its streamlined performance. RCM, although has proven its noticeable merits in many industries, has not been yet furnished with efficient analytical methods in the power engineering context. In a power distribution system, vividly in a deregulated market and restructured environment, blind time based maintenance of all the distribution equipments is neither affordable nor economically justifiable. Moreover, an acceptable level of system reliability is an indispensable criterion for the... 

Power distribution systems have been traditionally operated as passive networks which consume electric power supplied by the transmission grid. Increasing utilization of wind energy in distribution systems, notably wind energy, is changing the way distribution sys-tems are operated. The distribution system operators (DSO) would operate the available wind power for reducing the power purchased from the wholesale market. However, high penetration of wind energy in distribution systems would require advanced operation mod-els and additional flexibility in system to offset the variability and uncertainty associated with wind energy. In addition, wind availability often does not positively... 

Implementation of telecommunication-based distribution automation is possible in both centralized and decentralized manners. Although centralized automation is more pervasive than decentralized automation, benefits of decentralized automation systems, like improving reliability and speeding up the fault management process, encourage distribution companies to implement these systems. However, high cost of decentralized automation can be a deterrent to most distribution companies. Therefore, economic planning and creating economic justifications for decentralized distribution automation are necessary for the development of these systems. In this dissertation, economic analysis and planning of... 

Considerable developments in demand-side real-time telemetry systems allow ISOs to use demand-side provided reserves in ancillary service markets. Presently, many ISOs designed programs to utilize the reserve provided by demand response resources in their market, and deploy them in emergency conditions. These programs are called ancillary service demand response (ASDR) programs. This thesis presents a stochastic programming model to schedule reserve provided by demand response resources in load buses of system. The demand-side reserve resources are modeled by demand response providers (DRP) which have the responsibility of aggregating and managing responses of customers. The reserve provided... 

In recent years, the pace of increment in electrical energy consumption is getting faster. Establishing new power-plants to keep a balance between generation and consumption not only has a high investment cost but also is a time consuming procedure. Thus, several studies have focused on the demand side management. Residential consumers possess remarkable portion of total electricity consumption. Accordingly, at first, the appropriate residential demand response program is selected based on presented experimental criteria. In the next step, since the network reliability is an important issue to the operators, the impact of implementation of the demand response program is studied on the... 

The penetration of renewable energies in generation section of power systems caused many issues and challenges for planners, operators and decision makers. One significant challenge is the uncertainty and variability of this type of generation, which must be properly covered; otherwise it would lead to wide load and supply curtailments. In this regard, some system operators introduced a new product, named Flexible Ramping Product (FRP) to their markets. FRP is the ramp capability of market participants which is reserved to cover the uncertainty and variability of net load (load minus intermittent supply) at next market time-interval of real-time market. With this in mind, the energy storage... 

Nowadays, power systems are facing significant changes in traditional network operation and planning approaches with the introduction of distributed generation energy sources and increasing concerns about environmental issues. On the other hand, the Distribution Management System (DMS) in the current situation with low levels of observability and automation, controls and monitors the distribution network, which will not meet the challenges of the Active Distribution Network (ADN). For this purpose, in the first part of this dissertation, considering that the supply of network loads is important from the operator and distribution network management point of view and the voltage range and... 

The regulation is necessary for the electric distribution networks as a natural monopoly. Regulators have been applied the Performance Based Regulation (PBR) for the control of price. The common model of PBR is price cap. Price cap creates sufficient incentive for cost efficiency. However, it decreases the service quality in distribution systems. The aim of this thesis is to design a comprehensive model for improvement of service reliability in the presence of PBR. An incentive model is developed using reward-penalty theory and yardstick theory. Reward-penalty theory is a financial approach that rewards the utility with good reliability and penalizes the utility with poor reliability. The... 

Application of special technologies is necessary for design and implementation of smart distribution systems. These technologies offer different facilities for users of distribution systems. One of the important goals of smart distribution systems is the improvement of reliability of local electricity services. This process requires information and data exchange between the smart devices and control center which applicable through communication infrastructure. If the communication infrastructure specified for automatic distribution faces to some problems, it is not possible to control the error because of absence of effective connection between the smart devices of network and control... 

In recent years, because of power system restructuring and load growth, much of transmission lines are reaching to their maximum capacity. Therefore, it is so essential to upgrade existing transmission system. However, constructing new lines is a very expensive and time consuming method. Dynamic thermal rating of overhead line is an alternative solution for upgrading transmission system capacity. In this method, allowable current capability of line in the next duration is calculated according to the environmental conditions. A method should be developed to perfectly model these environmental changes. Fuzzy method is a powerful tool that models uncertainties and measurement errors in a simple... 

In most countries Frequency control services as one of the Ancillary services are presented in market scheme. Frequency control are used in different levels to balance generation and demand. Each reserve levels is implemented with specific characteristics and rules. Clearance of energy and one control reserve has some drawbacks so in this thesis we try to clear energy and different reserve levels simultaneously. Each reserve level is determined with special criteria. This criterion in primary reserve is frequency deviation restriction and unit commitment risk in territory reserve that is determined by system operator. In this thesis these two criteria are formulated in linear form and... 

World environmental concerns sharp increase in necessity of using energy in comparison with permanent progress in the field of renewal energy technologies causes modern forms of energy sources which can be used by public. This project studies the increasing influence of the wind power in power systems and also designing and exploiting techniques of local saving energy systems. For this purpose, models and possibilities in order to anticipate the operation of wind farm which is connected to grid by saving energy is described. In this project, the operation of compound system components which is totally a combination of three systems is being studied. The considered compound systems consist of... 

One of the important problems in fulfilling the consumers' power demand that has been especially intensified after restructuring is transmission line congestion. To solve this problem, either new transmission lines should be constructed or the existing transmission lines should be better utilized. Construction of new transmission lines is both expensive and time consuming. Therefore, it is usually better to enhance the utilization of the existing transmission assets. FACTS devices have been introduced over the past decades to enhance power systems operation. However, wide scale deployment of them has not occurred yet due to their high initial investment cost and some other problems. In order... 

Promising advancement in smart technologies, in terms of information, control and communication infrastructures, along with utilization of demand response (DR) and distributed energy resources in system operation is transforming the legacy power systems to smart electricity grids. Smart grid operators would be able to utilize flexibility of loads and electricity energy storage (EES) systems for secure and economic operation of power systems.
The idea of DR and EES participation in wholesale energy markets is proposed in this thesis. A hierarchical framework for DR participation in day-ahead energy markets is developed in which DR aggregators aggregate small customers’ load reduction and... 

Wide-area measurement system (WAMS), which is enabled by broad installation of phasor measurement units (PMUs), is a novel solution for the secure and reliable operation of modern power systems. The adequate number and appropriate location of PMUs has been introduced as a challenging research area in recent years. This dissertation is the first effort to assess the cost/worth analysis of WAMS design and PMU locationing in a probabilistic manner. In the studies conducted here, power network monitoring and control associated with the energy management system (EMS), among miscellaneous applications of WAMS, have been taken into consideration. First, the conventional deterministic definition of... 

In conventional planning methods for an isolated microgrid, loads’s performance is taken into account in a constant power factor. Also, Motor loads dynamics which might results in absorbing a reactive power up to a few times more than the load’s capacity isn’t considered in this methods. Another important issue in the microgrid’s stability is the microgrid’s spinning reserve. Due to the isolated microgrid’s disconnectivity and not considering these problems in small isolated microgrids, the possibility of an instability event in microgrid’s performance would rise enourmously. In this thesis, an isolated microgrid’s planning has been carried out based on a solar resource while taking into... 

Occurrence of natural disasters such as flood, windstorms, tsunamis and earthquakes has caused striking effects on critical infrastructures like power systems in recent decades. There are some examples of high-impact low-possibility (HILP) events which causes catastrophic effects on power systems. Traditionally, planning and operational studies of power system have been run taking into account some reliability metrics. Although, the reliability indices can represent the ability of a system in confronting with possible failures of components, they are unable to efficiently consider the effects of severe events such as earthquake and other HILP events. Moreover, traditional power systems were... 

Power generation stations, which are commonly called power plants, are treated as the core module of power systems and are in charge of producing power to be transmitted and distributed to the end consumers. As the beating heart of power industry, power plants need to be available and reliable all the time and so do their constituent components since the need for reliable electricity, nowadays, is ever increasingly highlighted. The reason lies in the rapid jump of population growth in one hand and the incredible amount of damages as a consequence to the power interruptions due to the power plant component outages, if happened, on the other one. So, power plants have to be kept within a... 

Large penetration of electric vehicles and distributed generation (DG) resources in upcoming years will change the future vision of distribution networks from some passive load points into active ones. The imposed load of electric vehicles charging has caused many new challenges in operation and planning studies of distribution network. In contrast, the abilities of electric vehicles in feeding back power into the network (V2G programs) has attracted attention from grid operators and also vehicles owners. So, the problem of managing charging and discharging behaviors of electric vehicles has been introduced as a hot research topic in recent year. This dissertation as the first effort in this...