Sharif Digital Repository

In this work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized via arc discharge in an aqueous solution. The role of iron catalyst in CNTs formation was investigated utilizing arc discharge in iron salts solution (Fe2(SO4)3 and FeCl3). Thermogarvimetric (TG) analysis showed the presence of multi-layered structures including multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and multi-shelled graphite particles when processing was performed in DI-water. In the presence of iron ions, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) were formed. The effect of iron ions (Fe3+) concentration on CNTs yield was investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The highest yield was obtained when... 

In the present study, the numerical solution of 2D inviscid compressible ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows by using the spectral difference (SD) method on unstructured meshes is performed. The SD method combines the most desirable features of structured and unstructured grid methods to have computational efficiency and geometric flexibility to accurately compute flow over complex geometries. In the SD method, two sets of structured points, namely “unknown points” and “flux points”, are defined in each cell to support the reconstruction of given order of accuracy. The differential form of the conservation laws is satisfied at nodal unknown points while the flux derivatives expressed in... 

Plasma-based accelerators are capable of producing compact and high energy electron sources in much shorter distances than conventional accelerators. Electron will be trapped and accelerated to higher energy by two pulses as compared to the single pulse case. The aim of the present work is to take up a detailed analytical study of a novel idea of wakefield amplification making use of two laser pulses copropagating one behind the other, with a fixed distance between them. However, we attempt for enhancing the wake field and hence the electron acceleration by employing different shapes of the laser pulses  

The purpose of this project is modeling and solving equation of an open cycle system based on MHD generator in order to achiving geometrical properties of generator shuch as length and cross sections of channel and extractable electrical power. In this work hydrogen is used as initial fuel and it’s combustion product near oxygen as working fluid in an open cycle system concluding of combustion chamber, convergence nozzle, farady generator with separated electrod’s and constant mach number and also diffuser. Motion of fluid is considered one dimentional and direction of magnetic field with magnitude of 2 tesla is assumed to be perpendicular to motion and electrical current directs. For... 

Resent advances in ultra-intense short-pulse lasers and their numerous applications stimulated the research activities in important fields such as generation of high-energy electron and ion beams, monoenergetic electron beam, monoenergetic ion beam, X-ray emission, terahertz radiation, high harmonic and attosecond pulses generation. In all above mentioned applications the relativistic electrons behavior especially the electron density distribution and the velocity of electrons play an important role.
Investigating the behavior of relativistic electrons which are generated in the interaction of high power femtosecond lasers with plasma and their related applications is the main purpose... 

One of the most important applications of plasma is etching of substrates. This process is the key element of microfabrication. In order to improve the microstructures quality, it is necessary to improve plasma etching process. Therefore different methods have been developed to make etching process more efficient. The latest method is Bosch-process etching method. In this project to understand the effect of input parameters, Bosch-process etching of a PMMA substrate is simulated. Based on the governing equations, the problem is divided to four parts. First, by developing a heuristic approach to solve Maxwell’s equations numerically, electric and magnetic fields in the chamber are determined.... 

Nowadays, silicon based devices especially carbon nanotubes received lots of attentions and advancement from researchers and industries. Because of amazing electrical and mechanical properties and wide range of applications, CNTs are received a lot of attention from nanoelectronics experts. There are lots of CNT growth methods such as: Arc Discharge, Laser Ablation, Surface Decomposition, CVD and PECVD.
In this thesis, we are going to use PECVD method to synthesis CNT. A typical PECVD system includes two parallel electrodes that have been packed in vacuum chamber and gases like argon, hydrogen and NH3 are introduced to chamber as a reactant gas.
In this thesis, firs we had fixed... 

Design and construction process of special kind of sputter ion pump is described briefly in this paper. In order to investigate the optimization of effective parameters in choosing and designing ILSF ion pumps, this pump has been designed and manufactured. By optimizing some parameters such as dimension and shape of penning cells, anode voltage, magnetic field and internal structure of pump, it is possible to significantly decrease the cost of construction and operation of synchrotron vacuum system. By using the results of simulations and calculations of electromagnetic field, plasma simulation or glow discharge, titanium sputtering, etc., critical parameters in design of internal structure... 

Deep reactive ion etching is one of the most used techniques for manufacturing micro-structures. The most popular silicon DRIE technique is Bosch process. Ability to manufacture high aspect ratio features made Bosch process the main technique for developing micro-electromechanical devices. Dry etching is a combination of physical and chemical processes. The chemical processes play a very important role due to their speed of material removing and also due to their high selectivity. Also chemical processes are responsible for development of passive resist layer on the surface. On the other hand, if not controlled properly it can reduce anisotropy, resulting in a low quality etch. In this... 

In this thesis numerical investigation on the effect of injecting plasma into the MILD combustion regime which is based on the low oxygen dilution and high preheated temperature, were carried out. The burner which was utilized in this study is a co-flow burner, consists of three coaxial channels. From the center to the outside, there is a fuel jet at the center part, a co-flowing dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), and a preheated air section that is vitiated. The DBD that was used in this study is generated between two coaxial electrodes of which the outer one (conical copper electrode) is covered with a dielectric material made of quartz. The burner is modeled in a 2D-axisymmetric... 

Plasma is a quasi-neutral gas consist of charged and neutral particles that manifest collective behavior. Plasma is an ionized gas in which all or a significant portion of its atoms have lost one or more electrons and become a set of positive ions and electrons. Plasma is one of the four primary states of matter. This project intends to generate plasma by a pulsed electric discharge in a gaseous environment. At first, in this project, the proper excitation circuits are collected and compared, then based on the feasibility of production, applicable methods are selected and constructed. The construction steps were such that the selected circuits were first simulated with the appropriate... 

In this study, an Experimental investigation of plasma-assisted combustion using a DBD actuator has been performed. This actuator ionizes the fluid flow by producing asymmetric and cold plasma. Ionizing the flow of fuel or air in the combustion chamber reduces the combustion time scale. The test chamber consists of two coaxial quartz tubes that fuel passes through the central tube and the air pass through the side tube. In the case of fuel (natural gas) ionization, one rod as the electrode passes through the center tube, and the second electrode closes in a loop around the inner tube. One annular electrode is closed around the central tube during air ionization, and the second electrode is... 

Cold plasma has many applications in micro electronics industry. In this study, several examples of widely used plasmas systems have been investigated. First, the theory and physics of each type of plasma has been studied. Then the applications of each type have been discussed. Finally, the accuracy of the statements has been investigated using COMSOL multi physics software. In 1&2 D simulations the effects of all macroscopic parameters on plasma properties and its behavior have been investigated. In the design of plasma excitation source, plasma impedance is a very important parameter for maximum power transfer. Plasma impedance has been calculated with COMSOL software. Different modes of... 

Today, due to increasing electricity consumption and demand, the use of conventional systems such as thermal, hydro and nuclear power plants is not enough to convert energy. Over the past century, scientists have sought to discover new technologies for exploiting different forms of energy and converting them into high-efficiency electrical energy. One of these ways is to use the phenomenon of magnetohydrodynamics (magnetic fluid dynamics) to convert thermal energy directly into electrical energy. Magnetohydrodynamics is a theoretical field that studies the dynamics of fluids with electrical conductivity. Induction magneto-hydrodynamic generators use ionized hot plasma (a quasi-neutral gas of... 

Cold plasma due to its special properties has many applications in the microelectronics industry. At the beginning of this study, a few examples of widely used plasmas and the requirements for driving their power sources have been investigated. To generate and characterize plasma, various topologies of DC power supply construction, including high-voltage low-current power supplies called multipliers and low-voltage high-voltage power supplies called converters, have been reviewed and compared.Circuit for pulse generating for plasma application has also been proposed and investigated. In the simulation section, after introducing, reviewing, and compareing the common types of simulators, the... 

plasma characterization has become an essential tool for characterization of etching process in fabrication of nano-electronic devices. The existing methods, such as Langmuir probe and interferometry, have shown drawbacks including disturbing the plasma and sensitivity to mechanical and thermal stability of the measuring systems. In recent years, due to the scale down of microelectronic devices and increase of their sensitivity to disturbance in the plasma etching process, a demand for measuring methods offering less disturbance has arisen. Plasmonic structures, owing to their unprecedented field enhancement and confinement, have been extensively studied. Their sub-wavelength dimensions,... 

This project investigates the effect of plasma on diffusion flame. A Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma actuator has been used to generate plasma, which converts fuel-air non-premixed mixtures into plasma. Then, the effect of plasma on the shape and stability of the diffusion flame composed of fuel and air mixture has been evaluated. This study investigates the laminar flow regime for low calorific value fuels. For this purpose, natural gas fuel (urban methane) has been diluted with N2 and CO2 gases to reduce its calorific value. Then, the diffusion flame is formed from the fuel and air mixture in a laboratory stand. This stand consists of two coaxial tubes made of quartz, fuel flows...