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- Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
- Language: Farsi
- Document No: 40554 (46)
- University: Sharif University of Technology
- Department: Energy Engineering
- Advisor(s): Outokesh, Mohammad; Ahmadi, Javad
- Abstract:
- Lithium has two stable isotopes naturally including 6Li at 7.5% and 7Li at 92.5% relative abundance. In spite of the similarities of lithium isotopes in common chemical reactions, they have some completely distinctive behaviors in nuclear reactions. 6Li has considerable neutron cross section capturing in thermal neutron range about 945 barns while this feature for 7Li is insignificant about 0.037 barns. This difference makes them to play different roles in nuclear uses. 7LiOH is applied for pH adjustment of coolant in light water reactors. 6Li is not only used as a shielding material against thermal neutrons, but also is known as a source of tritium in the blanket of fusion reactors which in turn increase the importance of lithium isotopes separation. Electrolysis is one of the most known lithium isotopes separation methods, involving mercury cathode and a neutral anode like titanium or graphite. In this project mass transfer has been determined as the slowest step which controls the rate of amalgam formation reaction theoretically and practically and the effects of an extensive range of parameters, including types of lithium compounds, temperature of the solution, type of the anode and of course electrolysis of mixture salts as a new idea to reach higher current efficiency and higher separation factor. An acceptable separation has attained for 7Li in twenty stages up to 5% and more than 1% for 6Li in 5 stages, demonstrating a substantial separation factor between 1.04 to 1.06 for LiOH and LiCl respectively.
- Keywords:
- Lithium ; Electrolysis ; Mercury ; Isotope Separation ; Amalgam
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