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Condition Monitoring of Wind Turbine Blade Using Fiber Optics

Entessari, Farshid | 2012

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: English
  3. Document No: 42932 (58)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology, International Campus, Kish Island
  5. Department: Science and Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Zabihollah, Abolghasem; Behzad, Mehdi
  7. Abstract:
  8. Over the last decades the attention of the most modern countries about usage of wind has grown due to the recent crisis of energy. This renewable energy source offers a cost effective solution for electricity production. Wind energy is the best candidate among other sources due to wind turbines technology reliability. In order to gain maximum power from wind turbines, their size becomes relatively large, which creates more complexity in their repair and maintenance, furthermore Wind turbine downtime is outside the expectations, which is more costly than corrective maintenance, therefore in order to minimize sudden downtimes and related huge maintenance, a reliable monitoring technique must be provided to guarantee the good condition of the turbine during operation. Additionally, it has been stated that most of the turbine failure is blade related, so the blades are very vital for condition monitoring. In this work condition monitoring of turbine blade based on 3D complex geometry with composite fabrication, which meets blade design criteria’s (minimizing weigh while providing high stiffness), is investigated. In order to produce a composite with the maximum stiffness and strength, the orientation of the composite layers is optimized by genetic algorithm approach. Strain based fault detection is one of the most reliable techniques in blade monitoring, because of specific features of strain sensing based on optic sensors The application of fiber optic sensors for measuring strains is growing rapidly in many wind farms. In this study based on mathematical models and simulation the response and expected output signals of fiber optic sensors are estimated and also zones that needs sensor implementation nearby are predicted in order to warn any processing fault. FBG (fiber bragging optic) sensors are used to sense the changes of strain. Through the thesis different methods for fault detection of turbine blade are considered. An analytical method for crack detection of laminated beam based on the vibration fault detection method is performed and the results are compared with the response of the FBGs. Then method is implemented for different crack models on the scaled blade geometry. And at last based on fluid structure interaction method and Hashin failure criteria, condition monitoring of wind turbine blades under sudden change of wind speed is investigated
  9. Keywords:
  10. Wind Turbine ; Composite ; Composite Laminate ; Photo Sensor ; Turbine Blades ; Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) ; Condition Monitoring

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  • Introduction
    • 1.1 Wind energy
    • 1.2 Wind turbine
    • 1.3 Wind turbine damage
    • 1.4 Condition Monitoring
    • 1.5 Blade Condition monitoring
    • 1.6 Thesis Organization
    • 1.7 Literature review
  • Analysis of laminated composite beam with crack
    • 2.1 Finite Element method
    • 2.2 Strain crack detection based of FEM method in composite laminates
    • 2.3 Modal Crack detection of beam
    • 2.4 Summary
  • Wind Turbine Blade Modeling
    • 3.1 Blade Design
      • Blade cross section:
      • Blade parameters:
    • 3.2 Material selection
      • Composite:
      • Carbone fiber
    • 3.3 Optimal design of the fiber orientations in composite laminate
      • 3.3.1 The genetic algorithm
      • 3.3.2 Genetic subsections
      • 3.3.3 Components of a binary genetic algorithm
        • Choosing the Cost Function and the Variables
        • The Population
        • Decoding the chromosomes
        • Selection Schemes
        • Crossover
        • Mutations
        • The Next Generation
        • Convergence
      • 3.3.4 Procedure
    • 3.4 Summary
  • Analysis of Wind turbine blade with crack
    • 4.1 Simulation of the blade with face crack using Vibration fault detection
    • 4.2 Simulation under steady wind condition
    • 4.3 Summary
  • Condition monitoring of wind turbine under impact wind condition
    • 5.1 Procedure:
    • 5.2 Results, dissection and validation
    • 5.3 Summary
  • Fiber optics
    • 6.1 Fiber optics installation
    • 6.2 Strain sensing principle of FBG sensors
    • 6.3 FBG modal results
    • 6.4 Fiber optic monitoring for impact failure of blade
    • 6.5 Summary
  • Experimental Crack Detection Using Vibration Based Monitoring
    • 7.1 Experimental setup
    • 7.2 Numerical Validation
    • 7.3 Summary
  • Chapter 8 Conclusion and Future Works
  • References
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