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Evaluation of Sustainable Development of Energy Systems of Residential Buildings, Considering the Aspects of Environmental, Economic and Social

Ali Ghanbari, Mohammad Hossein | 2017

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: English
  3. Document No: 50511 (66)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology, International Campus, Kish Island
  5. Department: Science and Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Abrishamchi, Ahmad
  7. Abstract:
  8. Today, energy has a great impact on the economy, political relations, prosperity, and lifestyle of human societies. Energy sustainable development has become inevitable because of factors such as increasing population growth and as a result, increasing the energy consumption, consuming more energy from fossil fuels, decreasing in reserves of fossil fuel resources, environmental damage caused by the burning down of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions,high cost of energy from burning fossil fuels.Generally, the sustainable development isall steps in order to comply with economic development and protecting the environment, resources and living standards. Considering that a large part of the country's electricity production is consumed by cities and residential areas, energy sustainable development of residential buildings is important.The goal of this study is to develop sustainable energy through solar power generation in a residential building, so that its cost is low and it is accepted by the public.Solar energy has made a great progress in the world and it is aggressively advancing in competition with other energies. So that many industrialized countries such as Germany and Spain are looking to the plan of generating all their needed energy from the solar energies and they have scientific planning for their country's future. On the other side, the amount of sun's radiation in some industrialized countries such as Germany that has made enormous progress in the field of using solar energy is much lower than Iran. However, it is one of the top countries in this field and it produces almost half of its consumption energy from the sun.The need for sustainable development of energy were studied and specified in this research; the factors which was mentioned in the first chapter such as being non-renewable of the fossil fuels, environmental issues (greenhouse gas emissions), reliability of the clean energies and etc. make the sustainable development of energy as an inevitable issue; then, the solar energy has been focused on this research by studying and comparing the achievements of the developed countries such as Germany, Turkey, Spain and etc. in the field of energy. In the second chapter, some issues have been addressed such as the nature of solar energy, the most important advantages of using solar energy, solar power generation, the generation methods of solar power, and the needed equipment for solar power generation, and the new technologies of the world in this field. The flexibility and advantages of generating the solar power in residential units for the town were studied in the third chapter; then, in the fourth chapter the feasibility of using solar power in Iran were studied and its quantity was determined divided by province. According to this study, Iran is one of the world's countries with high radiation with 300 sunny days equal to 1800 to 2000 sunny hours and it is very good conditions for solar power generation. In the fifth chapter, different kinds of solar power generation systems described in residential buildings and it is expressed that the systems can be independent or connected to the electricity grid and then, its economics issues was studied and calculated that the result is as follows:
    1.The time of return on investment for the first strategy (using off-grid solar panels for household loads); with subsidies of energy products: 10 years
    2.The time of return on investment for the first strategy (using off-grid solar panels for household loads); without subsidies of energy products: 3 years & 7 months
    3.The time of return on investment for the second strategy (using grid-connected solar panels for sell to the grid); without considering the rising cost of electricity purchased by Tavanir: 4 years
    4.The time of return on investment for the third strategy (using grid-connected solar panels for sell to the grid and domestic consumption); without considering the rising cost of electricity purchased by Tavanir: 7 years & 6 months
    Finally, a residential unit was studied in Alborz province that its power was supplied from the solar method (independent of the overall power grid) and specified that the system is executable well and also, its economic issues were studied and calculated and its results are as follows: -The time of return on investment for the studied sample with subsidies of energy products: 18 years
    -The time of return on investment for the studied sample without subsidies of energy products: 9 years & 3 months
    The rate of return on investment of the rows 1 and 2 which are independent of the overall grid (the studied sample is of this type) is related to that how much electricity consumption the mentioned unit has and what steps are before implementing the solar power generation system; In fact, as consumption of electricity increases, its price increases exponentially and its consumption is severely reduced by installing the solar power generation system and the unit is in the low consumption steps. While, the cost of solar power generation remains constant and as a result, the rate of return on investment will be faster; that is why the time of return on investment of the studied unit takes so long; in fact, the consumption of the studied unit was too low and it was in the second steps and it only had one step reduction in the electricity cost tariff by installing the solar power generation system. In fact, the consumer uses the units that their consumption is equal to average consumption (620 KWH in a two-month period) or more have economic benefits for installing off-grid systems; but it would not be economical if the consumption is lower. The time of return on investment of the rows 3 and 4 which are grid-connected depends on the price of electricity purchased by the Power Department which is equal to 800 Tomans per kW now. By the way, the rate of return on investment of the rows 3 and 4 have been calculated by considering the unchanged price amount of electricity purchased by the Power Department; meanwhile, this price amount will be adjusted (increased) year after year; this means that definitely, the time of return on investment will be less than the calculated value.
    Sustainable development of energy is an inevitable issue and one of its ways is the use of solar energy that will have a good result in Iran; and to spread its usage, extensive actions must be done in informing and educating people and also, should increase the plans of supporting manufacturers of clean energies
  9. Keywords:
  10. Residential Buildings ; Energy ; Efficiency ; Environment ; Sustainable Development ; Sustainability Assessment ; Economic Evaluation

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