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Forward Osmosis in High Saline Water Desalination

Ahmadipuya, Salman | 2019

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 51640 (06)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Soltanieh, Mohammad; Musavi, Abbas
  7. Abstract:
  8. Due to population growth, per capita change and heterogeneous distribution of water resources, forecasts demonstrate that more than 66% of the world's population will experience water scarcity by 2025. The major concern of desalination is their management of brine, with concentrations and their associated components more than twice the input concentration. Also, when extracting oil, per 1 oil barrel, about 7 to 10 barrels of high saline water are produced. One of the most common methods for disposing of brine is direct discharge into the environment, which, due to its destructive effects, creates serious threats to marine ecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to desalting these high saline waters. Due to the high concentration of salt, it is usually recommended to use thermal methods for desalinizing the brine. But because of major problems and high energy consumption, these methods are not suitable. In this study, forward osmosis (FO) was considered as a new and promising way for desalting and purification of brine. Simulation result show that energy consumption of single stage evaporation of saline water with 160 (g / l) salt concentration for producing 1(m3) fresh water, is 628(kW.h), whereas the forward osmosis with draw solution of (NH3/CO2) at a concentration of 6 (mol/l) for the production of 1(m3) at the minimum condition is 79(kW.h) and at the optimal condition is 172(kW.h). Experimental result show the water flux of forward osmosis with this draw solution is 5/6(LMH), reverse salt flux is 38.26(g/m2h) and a specific reverse salt flux is 5.88(g/l). Also, the draw solution of calcium nitrate was studied as fertilizer. The water flux with this draw solution at 6 (mol/l) concentration is 12.2(LMH), reverse salt flux is of 4.21(g/m2h) and a specific reverse salt flux is 0.39(g/l)
  9. Keywords:
  10. Forward Osmosis ; Brine ; Draw Solution ; High Saline Water ; Desalination

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