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Operation of Microgrid with Electric Vehicles Management as Energy Storage Unit

Hassanzadeh, Mohammad Mahdi | 2019

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 52300 (05)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Electrical Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Hosseini, Hamid
  7. Abstract:
  8. Microgrids will be key components of future smart grids that integrate distributed generation energy with local loads and units for greater efficiency. However, the uncertainty and intermittent nature of renewable energy products prevent the reliable operation of the micro-grids. On the other hand, the introduction of electric vehicles into the transportation industry can be both a challenge and an opportunity for the power grid. Using electric vehicle batteries as an energy storage system is a new work in the smart grid environment. Using an electric vehicle battery as a storage system makes it possible to create a grid with a lower operating cost because of the development of renewable resources such as solar and wind power connected to the grid. Although electric vehicles are a new demand for power grid, but by storing electricity, they can resupply electricity for the grid. However, there are some problems and challenges to connecting vehicle-to-grid. Uncertainties in the behavior of electric vehicles, discharge of batteries due to the injection of energy into the grid, the depreciation of the vehicle batteries, and the motivation of vehicle owners to participate in the V2G process are some of the problems. Therefore, the micro-grid operator for managing electric vehicles as an electric energy storage unit must overcome the challenges ahead by modeling the behavior of electric vehicles, presenting solutions to prevent battery deep discharge and minimize battery depletion and encourage electric vehicle owners to participate in vehicle-to-grid process. In this study, after introducing these problems and challenges, a solution is proposed to Forecasting the behavior of electric vehicles using Monte-Carlo simulation. The results show that a forecasting for enough number of electric vehicles are useful. Since the implementation of V2G connection requires the assistance of electric vehicle owners, a model has been proposed using the Nash bargaining method to apportionment profit from the reduction in operating costs between the electric vehicle owners and the microgrid operator. Since the results of the research are dependent on electricity prices, sensitivity analysis of electricity price has been performed. In the remainder of this study, the effect of V2G connection on microgrids reliability is investigated. The results show that with the increasing number of vehicles participating in the scheme, the cost of operation and reliability will improve. However, if greater reliability improvement is considered, it will increase operating costs. Since reducing operating costs and increasing reliability turns the problem into a two-objective decision problem, there will be an infinite answer to the optimization problem which can be shown by Pareto efficiency. Using the Fuzzy decision making, one can find the balance point between operating cost and reliability
  9. Keywords:
  10. Microgrid ; Electric Motor Vehicles ; Vehicle to Grid (V2G) ; Energy Storage ; Operation ; Reliability

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