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The Species Problem, Answers and Philosophical Considerations of Human Nature

Mahdikhani, Ali | 2023

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 56480 (42)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Philosophy of Science
  6. Advisor(s): Azadeghan, Ebrahim
  7. Abstract:
  8. One of the most important philosophical issues in biology that continues to receive attention is the issue of species. Since ancient times, the classification of living organisms and the definition of species as its foundation have been of great importance to thinkers and knowledge seekers. In this research, while addressing various perspectives, this subject is still being examined today. This research has been divided into two main sections. The first section includes the definition of the problem and various perspectives on it. The main perspective focuses on the influence of genetics in strengthening or weakening it, while the secondary perspective, although interesting, is seen as a cluster of consistent characteristics and alternative central perspectives. It briefly mentions Darwin's viewpoints and concludes with an in-depth analysis of the mentioned perspective. In the second section, we aim to delve into an intriguing and perennially captivating topic within the realm of human nature. We will examine the perspectives of Kant, Nietzsche, and Eastern philosophical systems such as Hinduism and Buddhism. Additionally, we will explore Hume's renowned treatise on human nature, as expounded in his seminal work, and ultimately address the question of whether Hume's perspectives align with the notion of species as a collectible entity or not. We have come to understand that the perspective of species as an individual exempts us from the generalization under the title of human nature and paves the way for greater diversity and plurality in the human world. Hume's viewpoint, despite his particular insights, still remains within the framework of belief in a shared human nature.
  9. Keywords:
  10. Genus ; Speciation ; Human Nature ; Humean Metaphysics ; Evolution ; Individual Performance ; Variety ; Essentialism

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