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The Effect of Altering the Electrolyte and Electrodes Composition on the Electrochemical Performance of Water In Salt Electrolytes in Calcium-Ion Batteries

Zare, Bahar | 2024

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 57014 (07)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Materials Science and Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Sadrnezhad, Khatiboleslam
  7. Abstract:
  8. This current research has focused on investigating and enhancing the performance of calcium-ion aqueous batteries in two phases, beginning with the selection of calcium ion as the charge transfer agent. The first phase entails determining the appropriate composition and concentration of salt containing calcium ions in the electrolyte, as well as assessing the feasibility of adding a second component salt to aqueous electrolytes. After conducting investigations including conductometric tests, Raman spectroscopy, and drawing analysis diagrams depicting increased capacity in terms of voltage (dQ/dV vs. V), it was determined that the electrolyte consisting of water and calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2) at an optimal concentration of 14 m exhibited excellent performance in terms of water stabilization and ion transport for charge storage. However, it was noted that there is still no suitable second component salt for electrolyte formulation. In the subsequent phase, electrodes possessing three key characteristics—stability against hydrolysis, non-acceleration of water decomposition, and proper charge storage capacity—were synthesized and characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests, infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (ATR-FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) imaging, and X-ray diffraction pattern measurement (EDS). These studies culminated in the fabrication of two batteries: one featuring a cathode composed of reduced polyaniline (PAni), and the other with a cathode made of copper hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF), both sharing a common anode made of oxidized PAni. Rate capability and cycling performance tests revealed that the battery with a cathode made of reduced PAni demonstrated superior rate capability (maintaining 77% of the initial discharge capacity at the 1C rate compared to 15% for the other battery) and cyclability (maintaining 89% of the initial discharge capacity after 50 cycles compared to 60% for the other battery). Moreover, this battery exhibited lower charge transfer resistance (11.86 Ω vs. 60.62 Ω after 50 cycles), resulting in reduced energy loss and a lower self-discharge rate. Furthermore, the ease of synthesis, cost-effectiveness, and greater scalability of the battery with a PAni cathode make it an attractive alternative for research and development purposes
  9. Keywords:
  10. Calcium-Ion Battery ; Water-In-Salt (WIS)Electrolytes ; Polyaniline ; Copper Hexacyanoferrate

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