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Evaluation of the Concept of ‘Public Reason’ in Rawls’s View

Moradzadeh, Ali | 2024

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 57847 (42)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Philosophy of Science
  6. Advisor(s): Azadegan, Ebrahim
  7. Abstract:
  8. According to the ideal of public reason, laws and moral codes which regulate lives of the people, have to be justified to each and every person whose life is regulated by that law. If all human beings are equal and free, i.e., they’re not naturally subordinated to each other in their moral or political status, and they’re equal in being naturally free of any subordination, then as a consequence of their individual free reasoning, and as a result of limitations in their understanding and complexity of the world, it is natural that there is deep and lasting disagreement among them about values, morality, religion, and conception of the good life. This disagreement therefore isn’t based on prejudice, irrationality or striving for self-interest, but it’s the natural result of reasoning. With this assumption, moral and political rules which are regulating lives of the people in a society, have to be justified and acceptable to whoever is subjected to it. In following pages, I argue that this ideal is reasonable. Defending the ideal of public reason, consists of at least four aspects: first is searching for descriptive evidences to prove rationality and freedom of human beings. Another descriptive aspect is trying to figure out how to enact this ideal in a society. These aspects are not pursued in this research. But, taking up two remaining normative aspects which are investigating why the ideal of public reason is morally and politically justified on one hand, and epistemologically on the other, is what I aimed to find out. In the first chapter, I’ve argued in favor of importance of public reason in political legitimacy, and in the remaining chapters I’ve presented an exposition of the development of public reason in Rawls’s account
  9. Keywords:
  10. Justification ; Autonomy ; Legitimacy ; Public Reason ; John Rawls Method

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