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Microreactor-Assisted Continuous Synthesis of DL-Carnitine

Peyvandi, Ali | 2022

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 58151 (06)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Mohammadi, Ali Asghar
  7. Abstract:
  8. Reliance of drug production to batch processes makes the drug supply chain extremely long and the quality control process difficult. Carnitine (vitamin Bt; 3-hydroxy-4-trimethylammonio-butanoate) is a quaternary ammonium compound biosynthesized from the amino acids lysine and methionine. In living cells, Carnitine is required for the transport of fatty acids from the cytosol into the mitochondria during the breakdown of lipids for the generation of metabolic energy. Moreover, it is used as a nutritional supplement. As a drug, L-carnitine is utilized to increase cardiac output, to improve myocardial function, and to treat carnitine deficiency, especially after hemodialysis. In this study, the synthesis of carnitine in the batch system and in the microreactor was investigated and the important reaction parameters were optimized. Finally, the results of the batch system and microreactor were compared. In the first microreactor, the amination reaction is performed between epichlorohydrin and trimethylamine hydrochloride with a yield of 46% in 73 seconds. Also, in the second and third microreactors, cyanation reaction with a yield of 45% and hydrolysis with a yield of 32% occur in 73 seconds. It should be noted that this synthesis requires 6 hours in a batch system. According to the results, this synthesis method, in addition to using the advantages of the continuous process, has advantages such as easy and convenient operation, short production period, simplicity of production technology, less pollution, and low energy consumption. Thus, this strategy can also be used for large scale production when used with appropriate approaches
  9. Keywords:
  10. Microfluidic System ; Flow Chemistry ; Chemical Synthesis ; Microreactor ; Carnitine ; Optimization in Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

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