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Fabrication and Characterization of a 3D-Printed Bioceramic Nanocomposite Scaffold for Post-Surgical Osteosarcoma Treatment

Adib, Erfan | 2025

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 58155 (06)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Yaghmaei, Soheila; Ghobadi Nejad, Zahra
  7. Abstract:
  8. This research addresses the fabrication and characterization of a multilayered nanocomposite scaffold with a dual purpose for post-surgical bone cancer treatment . Eliminating residual cancer cells and promoting bone tissue regeneration. The scaffold was prepared from a combination of hydroxyapatite and 58S bioactive glass bioceramics in an 8 to 2 ratio. This bioceramic powder was combined with polylactic acid polymer, and scaffolds with precise and controlled geometry were fabricated using an FDM 3D printer. The design of this geometry facilitates cell infiltration, nutrient and waste transport, and ultimately, bone matrix formation. For anticancer properties, graphene oxide nanomaterial was used as a carrier for the drug cisplatin to enable controlled drug release and minimize the side effects of anticancer drugs. To improve the stability and adhesion of graphene oxide to the scaffold surface and prevent unwanted release of the nanostructure, the scaffold surface was subjected to atmospheric plasma treatment, which improved its physicochemical properties, including wettability and surface energy. The anticancer efficacy of the cisplatin-loaded scaffold was evaluated in vitro on the human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63, and its toxicity on adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was assessed by MTT assay. Concurrently, the osteogenic potential of the scaffold was studied by culturing MSCs on it and examining indicators such as alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodule deposition by Alizarin Red staining. The results showed that ALP activity in cells cultured on the scaffold (63 U/L) was significantly higher than in the control group (39 U/L), confirming the osteogenesis process in the vicinity of the scaffold. Comprehensive characterization of the synthesized materials, including powders, GO, and the final scaffold, was performed using various analytical techniques such as XRD, SEM, FTIR, DLS, zeta potential, and drug release kinetics to confirm their structural, morphological, and functional properties. Furthermore, in a side study, the antibacterial potential of polyethylene glycol- functionalized graphene oxide nanomaterials as nanocarriers for penicillin against E. coli bacteria was evaluated. The results indicated that GO-PEG, particularly with PEG having a molecular weight of 6000, exhibited effective antibacterial activity. In summary, the results of this research demonstrate the high potential of the developed multilayered nanocomposite scaffold as an effective post-surgical therapeutic system capable of simultaneously targeting cancer cells and stimulating bone tissue regeneration
  9. Keywords:
  10. Nanocomposite Scaffold ; Three Dimentional Printing ; Graphene Oxide ; Cisplatin ; Bioactive Glass ; Hydroxyapatite ; Post-Surgical Osteosarcoma Therapy

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