Sharif Digital Repository

In the past few decades a range of human capital theories were developed by economists. In all these, education and training are considered as a prominent aspect of the human capital. Among all influential factors on the education, the role of the family in the allocation of educational expenditure is one of the most important factors. In this research, we investigate whether in gendr discrimination among sibiling is observed in Iranian households. Based on household budget data, we estimate the Engel curve in order to investigate the gender discrimination in the allocation of educational expenditure. Families divided into 6 clusters based on the composition of their children and the tests... 

The main question of this research is this: what mechanisms drive the increase of the share of health costs in GDP in Germany? Answering this question not only improves our understanding about health systems in general, but also is specifically useful for the health system of Iran, since it is experiencing similar trends as the health system of Germany does. Since these mechanisms are complex and the ability of human brain to process several interacting variables simultaneously is low, we need a strong methodology and a tool to overcome this limitation. System thinking as a methodology and system dynamics as its tool help us do so. Using system dynamics, we will develop a computer model... 

This research studies intergenerational social mobility in Iran using the data from Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) from 1377 to 1399. In the absence of long-term panel data or intergenerational cross-sectional data in which there are some variables connecting people to their parents, the method used here to measure welfare mobility -as a suitable proxy of social mobility- is the synthetic panel method. To use this method, it is assumed that the samples are similar in the two selected stages and they can be related to each other with fixed characteristics such as age and gender. The output of the method is an intergenerational transition matrix that shows the probability of a... 

Does the household attribute changes to its economic conditions during the term of the MPs, and chooses to vote with regard to these conditions, including income and employment status, or who decides, regardless of economic characteristics, in this regard Takes? In this study, using micro data of the household income and expenditure survey and building a sample household for each district, we compute economic characteristics for each election district including total income, total cost, employment rate, employment in the government sector, and unemployment rate. . Election data includes the name, vote and status of the candidates for the ninth and tenth Islamic Consultative Assembly... 

The main objective of this research is to provide an estimation of the amount of rent in Iran as an oil economy. First by reviewing recent studies, the concept of rent was extracted and the rent measuring indexes were assessed. Having considered the four categories of rent in Iran, budgetary rent, interest rent, import rent and energy rent, the amount of rent in Iran’s economy during (1369:1-1386:4) was estimated. Results show a considerable increase of rent during (1369:1-1372:4) & (1384:1-1386:4). In the next section of this study the long run and short run relationship between rent and some of the macro economic variables was estimated.In this section the co-movement of rent trend with... 

In this thesis, we quantify the extent to which the self-employed systematically under-report their income in Iran households survey by using expenditure based method. The method applied is an improvement of Pissarides and Weber (1989) method which is based on the Engel curve, describing the relationship between incomes and expenditures. In this method, we can estimate the exact amount of average underreporting instead of offering estimation interval.The relationship between incomes and expenditures of wage and salary workers is used to infer the actual income, and thus the reporting gap, of the self-employed based on their reported expenditures. We find that the self-employed underreport... 

Optical telecommunications, and especially optical fiber-based telecommunications, have been one of the most important leading factors in advancing information technology. This age seems to have an insatiable appetite for information in a way that every two years we see a two-fold increase in the traffic of optical networks.The focus of this thesis is in the area of backbone optical networks. We know that companies operating in this field spend a huge amount of money to set up and maintain optical networks. One aspect of reducing costs in optical networks is the use of grooming to reduce the cost of using network equipment.Different heuristic algorithms for optimization are proposed for this... 

The relationship between the environment and human life has long been considered by researchers. Technological growth in the last century, by the intensification of natural resources usage, led to environmental degradation, and thus the importance of recognizing the relationship between human life and the environment has doubled. The present dissertation is organized in three chapters, in each of which we investigate the impacts of a dimension of environmental degradation on human well-being.In the first chapter, we investigate the effect of drought on expenditure and income per capita of Iranian households. To do this, we combine the expenditure and income data of more than 600,000 urban... 

The provision of developmental infrastructure by governments and their various effects on the lives of citizens has always been the subject of discussion among researchers and policymakers. In particular, the infrastructure associated with access to modern energies causes changes in household economic behavior. The effects of pipeline gas connection on household behavior is the main subject of this research. By using micro level data, these effects compare the behavior of beneficiary households and lack of natural gas. The data includes households living in the entire geographical zone of Iran and between 1377 and 1394. First, we show that natural gas is a direct substitute for liquid fuels... 

In this thesis the impact of inflation on urban household saving is investigated. For calculating sensitivity of saving respect to price changing of different groups of commodities, firstly we divided household cost to two separated groups of durable and nondurable and then by defining total income as summation of monetary and nonmonetary income of households, We consider saving as total income minuses nondurable consumption. Finally we estimated the “Extended Linear Expenditure System” model base on the prepared data. Since inflation is result of unequal changes in prices of goods and services, the approach of expenditure system allows us to assess unequal changes in prices for eight... 

Hyperscale cloud data center (HCDC) (a.k.a., hyperscale data center) is the backbone of a wide variety of Internet services such as web-hosting, ecommerce, social networking, software as a service (SaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), application as a service (AaaS), and cloud computing.HCDC platforms consist of massive parallel processing, high utilization rate, and high volume storage that cost hundreds of million dollars.The increased demand for various Internet services and the subsequent dramatic growth in HCDC platforms, have caused an exponential increase in utilization of energy. With energy costs on the rise and global attention focused on carbon footprints, organizations are... 

The growth of traffic in metro and core networks is not deniable today, in addition to the volume of traffic, their different requirement force operators to dimension IP over optical network for the peak traffics and also cares about requirements of the traffics. this multi-policy enabled network using new extended technology such as Elastic Optical Network and Bandwidth variable transponders is used to design network with minimum cost and resource. There is different quality of service parameter, in this work we focus on end to end latency and survivability. we present ILP formulation for the IP over elastic optical network and introduce these parameters to this formulation, as we know... 

In this study, based on Households Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) data, we examined the socio-economic characteristics and transition of Iranian urban households in each of the three different income groups from 1997 to 2020. Moreover, factors affecting entry to poverty or persistence in poverty in Iranian urban households are discussed.The results of this study show that, contrary to popular belief, there is no evidence of accumulation of entrepreneurs and business owners in the urban middle class. Rather, middle-income households have higher-skilled jobs and pay more for social security than low-income ones, as well as pay more attention to investing in human capitals (education and...