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With the advance and growth of knowledge management in the past two decades, currently knowledge is regarded as one of the most significant organizational assets. Today the success of businesses is dependent on the value that they give to knowledge and how they attempt to manage it. Hence, in such conditions, knowledge as a valuable asset of the organization must be well-protected. What is managed in knowledge management in organizations is actually not knowledge. What are managed are the knowledge-related processes thru which knowledge workers interact with each other. Hence, organizational knowledge protection does not mean protecting knowledge, but securing the management of knowledge and... 

Iran’s fifth Four Year Development Plan (2011-2015) and other high level acts in recent years have paid more attention to the topic of knowledge management. This in turn has encouraged the government agencies to pay special attention to this topic for the development of their regulations and future plans. The information technology field has not been an exception to this trend, and in September 2014 an Administrative and Technical Criteria Act (ATCA) was approved for the development of an agile and effective e-government in Iran. Under Article 40 of ATCA all executive bodies of government are required to design and implement a comprehensive knowledge management system within the next 2... 

Organisational commitment is suggested as a remarkable variable in shaping employees’ attitudes toward knowledge management practices. Customer trust in services is established during a long-time relationship with a firm and improves the accuracy of information shared with employees. To put it in other words, customer trust is what a service company needs to maintain its competitive advantage. On the other hand, high employee turnover reflects a substantial loss of knowledge. In the present study, the impact of organisational commitment on employees’ retention, knowledge acquisition, and sharing was examined regarding the moderating roles of leader-member exchange and innovation climate. The... 

The Putting human commonsense knowledge into computers has always been a long standing dream of artificial intelligence (AI). The cost of several tens of millions of dollars and time have been covered so that the computers could know about "objects falling, not rising.", "running is faster than walking". The large database was built, automated and semi-automated methods were introduced and volunteers' efforts were utilized to achieve this, but an automated, high-throughput and low-noise method for commonsense collection still remains as the holy grail of AI. The aim of this study was to build commonsense knowledge ontology using three approaches namely Hearst method, machine translation and... 

Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to review the knowledge management literature from a content-related perspective using cluster analysis. Design/methodology/approach: A critical analysis of previous review articles in KM provided a conceptual framework with nine dimensions. A survey was then administered to 120 KM authors asking them to review which dimensions they considered in their own research. Findings: Three clusters of KM research were identified as follows: the socialization school, the collaboration school, and the codification school. Research limitations/implications: The study does not consider the dimension of strategic versus operational KM issues nor does it consider... 

Software architecture patterns present solutions for software architecture problems and help to document architectural design decisions. Complexity and variability of patterns, and the required expertise for selecting an appropriate pattern, would cause some difficulties in utilizing architectural patterns. Using an ontology for registering architectural patterns is an efficient step in solving those problems. However, the mentioned difficulties make the process of constructing the architectural patterns ontology even more complicated. This paper proposes an approach that considers the construction of the architectural patterns ontology from four perspectives in order to overcome this... 

Knowledge architecture (KA) establishes the basic groundwork for the successful implementation of a short-term or long-term knowledge management (KM) program. An example of KA is the design of a prototype before a new vehicle is manufactured. Due to a transformation to large-scale organizations, the traditional architecture of organizations is undergoing fundamental changes. This paper explores the main strengths and weaknesses in the field of KA within large-scale organizations and provides a suitable methodology and supervising framework to overcome specific limitations. This objective was achieved by applying and updating the concepts from the Zachman information architectural framework... 

Currently, the main portion of knowledge is stored in electronic texts and documents and for transferring that knowledge effectively, we must use proper methods to gather and retrieve relevant information. Ontologies provide means to produce structured documents and use intelligent search instead of keyword search. Ontology defines the common words and concepts used to describe and represent an area of knowledge. However, developing ontologies is a time consuming and labor work. So, many ontology developers try to facilitate and speed up this process by reusing other resources. In fact, thesaurus contains semantic information and hierarchical structure that make it an appropriate resource... 

In this paper the process of knowledge accumulation for a particular technology is studied. Two countries, say the technology follower and the technology frontier, are considered. The frontier's knowledge growth is determined by its R&D efforts on the technology. The level of knowledge stock for the follower country is augmented by its R&D activities for the technology and absorbing some of the external knowledge through spillover from the frontier. The extent to which the follower is able to exploit the external knowledge depends on technological gap, absorptive capacity, absorption time and degree of spillover. New concepts such as natural and enhanced degree of spillover, background and... 

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to use correlation analysis to understand how knowledge structure, task structure and collaboration affect collective knowledge (CK) by the mediating mechanism of communication. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on an existing gap in the literature related to CK, a research model with five hypotheses is proposed. The hypotheses were analyzed based on data collected from 114 work-team practitioners using structural equation modeling. Findings: The results indicate that communication, knowledge structure, task structure and collaboration significantly contribute to CK and that communication partially mediates the impact of these constructs on CK.... 

Purpose – This paper aims to provide a criteria-based evaluation framework for assessing knowledgemanagement system (KMS) development methodologies. Design/methodology/approach – The evaluation criteria have been elicited based on the features expected from a successful KMS. Furthermore, a number of prominent KMS development methodologies have been scrutinized based on the proposed evaluation framework. Findings – It was demonstrated that the proposed evaluation framework is detailed and comprehensive enough to reveal the strengths and weaknesses of KMS development methodologies. It was also revealed that even though the evaluated methodologies possess certain strong features, they suffer... 

The main concern for most organizations in this age, which has been called the age of knowledge-based economy, is their success and superiority in competitive markets. Reviewing the parameters that might have been effective on the success of operationalizing a knowledge management project leads us to a potential factor as knowledge architecture. With regard to the significant effect of knowledge management in the efficiency of organizations and the inclination of current organizations toward large-scale, we try to come up with a suitable architectural framework in such organizations. The initial structure of the framework was established based on the information architectural framework of... 

Login section is one of the most important parts of each system. This section is usually achieved through a username-password entering method. Since in these methods, user's security relays on how strong the password is, accordingly it is important how the password is provided. There are lots of different approaches in this regard which can be categorized in two main subgroups: Static and Dynamic passwords. Dynamic passwords are taking the lead in password generation context, since static password approaches suffer from some disadvantages like their vulnerability to easily get cracked, high possibility of oblivion and etc. In this paper, we introduce a novel dynamic password providing idea,... 

It is widely recognized that knowledge is an essential strategic resource for a firm to achieve sustainable competitive advantage and Knowledge Management (KM) is a fundamental concept for those interested in the ever changing business world. However, KM has received little attention in Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs). Unique characteristics of SMEs affect their approach in knowledge management, so different KM processes should be applied in these firms. SMEs have very simple structures, so they have less difficulty in managing their internal knowledge than large organizations. But this is not the case for external knowledge management, especially external knowledge acquisition... 

This paper reports on a new method of automatic design. It is a simulation of "human intentional activity," appearing in management, business, various designs and physical work. It is achieved by repetitive hierarchical decomposition of human concepts using (mainly) natural language expressions. Three typical ways (skill, rule and knowledge based) to create the hierarchical decomposition have been implemented and evaluated quantitatively as a CASE tool. The rule-level operation achieves nearly 100% automatic detailing  

Successful design and implementation of knowledge management systems have been the main concern of many researchers. It has been reported that more than 50% of knowledge management systems have failed, therefore, it is required to seek for a new and comprehensive scientific approach to design and implement it. In the design and implementation of a knowledge management system, it is required to know 'what we want to achieve' and 'how and by what processes we will achieve it'. A literature review conducted and axiomatic design theory selected for this purpose. For the first time, this paper develops a conceptual design of knowledge management systems by means of a hierarchical structure,... 

In project-based organizations, many practical cases show there is a considerable knowledge gap between project-level and organization level. To bridge such gap, organizations can exploit knowledge intensive human resources, new organizational structures and new information and communication technologies. But all these three dimensions could have trivial effect when there is no central attention toward the content of knowledge that is to be managed. In this paper, we postulated a three layer framework for this problem that its main contribution is that the content of knowledge is at the center of attention, while all other three dimensions of any knowledge management system (HR, Organization...